Background <p>ACE inhibitory peptides derived from food sources are natural alternative to manage hypertension then the synthetic ones due to various side effects. To evaluate their therapeutic potential and biological activities, in vivo and in vitro assays are required.</p> Objective <p>This paper reviews in vitro and in vivo assessment techniques, highlighting their limitations and advancements.</p> Methodology <p>This review paper is based on literature survey through databases like ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar from 1986 to 2025. in vitro and in vivo techniques discussed to evaluate ACE inhibitory peptides with older studies based on their significance.</p> Results <p>In vitro methods, such as ACE inhibition assays and enzyme kinetics, provide insights into bioactivity but lack physiological relevance. In vivo studies, while essential for therapeutic validation, face ethical concerns, high costs, and human variability. Innovations like QSAR models, molecular docking, and organ-on-chip systems enhance predictive accuracy. Biomarkers further improve physiological relevance, bridging preclinical and clinical gaps.</p> Conclusion <p>The study emphasizes the need for refined methodologies, better bioavailability, and stable formulations. Additionally, regulatory challenges and multi-omics approaches are discussed to enhance peptide evaluation. Overcoming these limitations will facilitate the development of ACE inhibitory peptides as effective antihypertensive agents.</p> Graphical abstract <p>In vitro and in vivo evaluation techniques for ACE inhibitory peptides</p> <p></p>