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Background <p>Chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, pressure sores, and burns, remain a global healthcare burden due to the rising threat of antibiotic-resistant infections and impaired healing processes. Traditional antibiotics are losing efficacy, but antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), part of the innate immune system, offer a revolutionary solution.</p> Purpose <p>This review analyzes 34 potent AMPs with dual antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, highlighting their mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical potential.</p> Results <p>AMPs disrupt microbial membranes via pore formation (e.g., <i>Magainin 2, Myxidin, Lucifensin</i>), cell wall inhibition (e.g., <i>Nisin, Plectasin</i>), and intracellular interference (e.g., <i>PR-39</i> inhibits DNA replication). Notably, these peptides target multi-drug resistant strains like MRSA (<i>Temporin A, Indolicidin</i>) and P. aeruginosa (<i>Esculentin-1a</i>, <i>Cathelicidin-DM</i>). Beyond killing microbes, AMPs actively promote wound healing through angiogenesis (<i>LL-37</i>, <i>Epinecidin-1</i>), keratinocyte proliferation (<i>Temporin A</i>, <i>hBD-2</i>), collagen synthesis (<i>LL-37</i>, <i>Esculentin-1a</i>), and anti-inflammatory modulation (<i>AW1</i>, <i>Chensinin-1b</i>). Despite their promise, challenges such as salt sensitivity (<i>hBD-2</i>), potential cytotoxicity (<i>MSI-78</i>), and resistance development (<i>S. aureus</i> to <i>LL-37</i>) persist. To overcome these limitations, researchers are exploring structural engineering (non-natural amino acids), advanced delivery systems (hydrogels for <i>Kn2-7</i>, <i>TS-CATH</i>), and synergistic combinations (<i>Bactenecin</i> + <i>IDR-1018</i>). Remarkably, some AMPs like <i>Cathelicidin-NV</i> promote wound healing without direct antimicrobial activity, while <i>S100A12</i> uses "nutritional immunity" (Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺ sequestration) to inhibit <i>H. pylori</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>In conclusion, AMPs represent a transformative frontier in wound care, combining broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration. Further research into optimized delivery and clinical trials will unlock their full potential as next-generation therapeutics.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs): A Breakthrough Approach for Wound Healing and Infection Control

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Sepideh Akbari-Lasboo,
  • Mehdi Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi,
  • Hadi Zare-Zardini

摘要

Background

Chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, pressure sores, and burns, remain a global healthcare burden due to the rising threat of antibiotic-resistant infections and impaired healing processes. Traditional antibiotics are losing efficacy, but antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), part of the innate immune system, offer a revolutionary solution.

Purpose

This review analyzes 34 potent AMPs with dual antimicrobial and wound-healing properties, highlighting their mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical potential.

Results

AMPs disrupt microbial membranes via pore formation (e.g., Magainin 2, Myxidin, Lucifensin), cell wall inhibition (e.g., Nisin, Plectasin), and intracellular interference (e.g., PR-39 inhibits DNA replication). Notably, these peptides target multi-drug resistant strains like MRSA (Temporin A, Indolicidin) and P. aeruginosa (Esculentin-1a, Cathelicidin-DM). Beyond killing microbes, AMPs actively promote wound healing through angiogenesis (LL-37, Epinecidin-1), keratinocyte proliferation (Temporin A, hBD-2), collagen synthesis (LL-37, Esculentin-1a), and anti-inflammatory modulation (AW1, Chensinin-1b). Despite their promise, challenges such as salt sensitivity (hBD-2), potential cytotoxicity (MSI-78), and resistance development (S. aureus to LL-37) persist. To overcome these limitations, researchers are exploring structural engineering (non-natural amino acids), advanced delivery systems (hydrogels for Kn2-7, TS-CATH), and synergistic combinations (Bactenecin + IDR-1018). Remarkably, some AMPs like Cathelicidin-NV promote wound healing without direct antimicrobial activity, while S100A12 uses "nutritional immunity" (Zn2⁺ sequestration) to inhibit H. pylori.

Conclusion

In conclusion, AMPs represent a transformative frontier in wound care, combining broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation, and tissue regeneration. Further research into optimized delivery and clinical trials will unlock their full potential as next-generation therapeutics.

Graphical Abstract