Introduction <p>Self-assembly and bioactivity are two crucial characteristics of peptides. The use of bioactive peptides and self-assembled peptide nanomaterials has advanced rapidly over the last few decades.</p> Purpose <p>Peptide bioactivity and self-assembly qualities will open new possibilities for designing food structures and creating functional foods to satisfy the demands of the food industry’s increasingly specialized applications.</p> Application <p>Peptide supramolecular self-assembly presents a viable path for medical and material science applications. As they may create a variety of nanostructures with α-helix, β-sheet, and random coil conformations, peptides have attracted considerable interest in molecular self-assembly. Complex nanoarchitectures that respond to environmental stimuli are produced by these self-assembly processes, which are mainly fuelled by the amphiphilic character of peptides and are sustained by non-covalent interactions.</p> Aim <p>This review focuses on the sources, characterization, and smart applications of peptide-based nanoparticles in agriculture and food waste.</p>