Unequal distribution and accessibility of landscape features in Australia’s protected areas
摘要
While Protected Areas are established to conserve biodiversity, they also provide opportunities for visitors to experience nature and receive recreational and wellbeing benefits. These benefits depend on the landscape features present within the Protected Area visited. However, not everyone has access to the same types of features in their local Protected Areas, due to spatial distribution and access restrictions.
ObjectivesThis research aimed to determine the spatial diversity and distribution of landscape features (vegetation, hydrological and geological) within Australia’s terrestrial Protected Areas, with respect to their structural reachability (travel time) and zoning status (access restriction).
MethodsWe used spatial data to map the distribution of these features across Australia’s Protected Areas and measured their accessibility based on mean travel time from urban centres and whether the parks containing them were open to the public.
ResultsLandscape features differ in distribution and accessibility. Eucalypt woodlands and forests are widespread and close to population centres, while Acacia-dominant vegetation and grasslands are less common and more remote. Water features are more prevalent in open parks, reflecting their recreational appeal, but water points, such as waterholes and springs, are often remote or restricted. Geological features are concentrated in Western Australia and Queensland, yet many occur in closed parks or have long travel times, underscoring uneven spatial access to nature’s diverse features.
ConclusionsInteractions with diverse landscape features can provide enriching visitor experiences. Improving access to these features supports not only primary conservation objectives but also complementary recreational, cultural, and wellbeing outcomes.