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<p>Lightweight construction materials are increasingly required because of their low self-weight, good thermal insulation and structural efficiency. In this study, cellular glass–ceramics (CGCs) were produced from basalt and palm-oil-mill boiler slag by a direct-foaming method, using polyurethane (PU) as the foaming agent. Basalt and boiler slag were combined at mass ratios of 9/1, 4/1, 7/3, 3/2 and 1/1, and PU was added at 30, 40 and 50 mass% of the raw-material mixture. After activation with NaOH and sodium silicate, the batches were cast and heat-treated in a furnace to 950&#xa0;°C, with intermediate holds at 400 and 700&#xa0;°C for 2&#xa0;h, followed by furnace cooling. The raw materials and products were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were evaluated for compressive strength, bulk density and apparent porosity. The 9/1 basalt/boiler-slag ratio gave the highest compressive strength of 8.72&#xa0;MPa and the highest bulk density of 1.14&#xa0;g·cm<sup>−3</sup>, which is attributed to its high silica content and limited pore formation. Increasing the PU content promoted pore formation; image analysis (ImageJ) of the SEM micrographs gave mean pore diameters of 69–94&#xa0;<i>µ</i>m (all sub-millimetre), and the 1/1 ratio with 50 mass% PU showed the highest apparent porosity of 13.55%. The results demonstrate that compressive strength is inversely related to porosity, and that both properties can be tailored through the basalt/boiler-slag ratio and the PU content.</p>

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Characterization of basalt and boiler slag as cellular glass–ceramics produced by a direct-foaming method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • David Candra Birawidha,
  • Muhammad Amin,
  • Yusup Hendronursito,
  • Lukman Hakim Nasution,
  • Komang Nelly Sundari,
  • Pulung Karo-Karo,
  • Suprihatin Suprihatin,
  • Mela Retnosari,
  • Diah Susanti,
  • Fathan Bahfie

摘要

Lightweight construction materials are increasingly required because of their low self-weight, good thermal insulation and structural efficiency. In this study, cellular glass–ceramics (CGCs) were produced from basalt and palm-oil-mill boiler slag by a direct-foaming method, using polyurethane (PU) as the foaming agent. Basalt and boiler slag were combined at mass ratios of 9/1, 4/1, 7/3, 3/2 and 1/1, and PU was added at 30, 40 and 50 mass% of the raw-material mixture. After activation with NaOH and sodium silicate, the batches were cast and heat-treated in a furnace to 950 °C, with intermediate holds at 400 and 700 °C for 2 h, followed by furnace cooling. The raw materials and products were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and were evaluated for compressive strength, bulk density and apparent porosity. The 9/1 basalt/boiler-slag ratio gave the highest compressive strength of 8.72 MPa and the highest bulk density of 1.14 g·cm−3, which is attributed to its high silica content and limited pore formation. Increasing the PU content promoted pore formation; image analysis (ImageJ) of the SEM micrographs gave mean pore diameters of 69–94 µm (all sub-millimetre), and the 1/1 ratio with 50 mass% PU showed the highest apparent porosity of 13.55%. The results demonstrate that compressive strength is inversely related to porosity, and that both properties can be tailored through the basalt/boiler-slag ratio and the PU content.