<p>Foam fire prevention and extinguishment technology offers an important approach to controlling complex industrial fires, with mechanisms including cooling, oxygen isolation, coverage of the burning interface, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression. To elucidate the development of this field, this study used CiteSpace to conduct a visual analysis of 790 publications related to foam fire prevention and extinguishment indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from 2000 to 2024, constructing a multidimensional knowledge map covering publication trends, country and institutional distributions, core authors, and keyword evolution. The results indicate that the field has undergone two phases: the formative phase (2000–2014) and the expansion phase (2015–2024). During the expansion phase, the number of publications increased significantly and exhibited characteristics of multidisciplinary integration. China leads in publication output and shows active collaboration; the USA serves as a bridge in international cooperation, while European countries have formed regional cooperation networks. Keyword analysis reveals that relevant research mainly involves two thematic areas: active fire extinguishment/suppression and material fire prevention/flame retardancy. The former is represented by terms such as “coal spontaneous combustion,” “aqueous film-forming foam,” and “fire suppression,” while the latter is represented by “flame retardancy,” “smoke suppression,” and “polyurethane foams.” “Gel foam,” “foam drainage,” and “thermal stability” have emerged as recent research hotspots. Future research should further focus on environmentally friendly and highly efficient foam fire prevention and extinguishment technology to meet the application needs of complex fire scenarios.</p>