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<p>This study aims to improve the combustion efficiency of diesel fuel used in internal combustion engines, which are at the heart of global mobility from transportation to heavy industry. It is believed that increasing efficiency will reduce the consumption of existing energy resources and mitigate their environmental impact. In this study, aluminium, stearic acid-coated aluminium, titanium dioxide, and boron were used as additives to diesel fuel to improve fuel efficiency. Combustible particles were delivered directly from the intake manifold to the combustion chamber using a custom-designed solid particle disperser (SPD) (Type 1) and also mixed with liquid fuel using a conventional method (Type 2). Experiments were conducted with both methods, and comparative analyses were performed. The results showed that particle additives significantly improved thermal efficiency. The greatest increase in thermal efficiency was achieved with the stearic acid-coated aluminium additive. The thermal efficiencies of the experiments with stearic acid-coated aluminium (St@Al) were higher at all ppm values than those of all other experiments, including pure diesel. According to experiments conducted with pure diesel, increases in thermal efficiency were observed with ESt@Al130, DSt@Al130, DSt@Al260, ESt@Al420, ESt@Al260, and DSt@Al420 (St@Al additive) at rates of 4.64%, 4.39%, 4.06%, 3.99%, 3.98%, and 3.82%, respectively. When comparing Type 1 and Type 2 particle feeding methods in terms of thermal efficiency, experiments with Type 2 showed higher thermal efficiency than those with Type 1. For example, the BTE value of ESt@Al130 (Type 2) was 35.866%, while the BTE value of DSt@Al130 (Type 1) was 35.614%. Furthermore, it was observed that the particle additive improved CO and HC emissions. The most significant results were observed with aluminium additives. Overall, all aluminium additives showed improvements in CO, HC, and NO emissions of 15.75%, 32.5%, and 3.25%, respectively, compared to pure diesel.</p>

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Experimental investigation of the effects of Al, B, TiO2, and stearic acid-coated Al particles on diesel combustion energy by delivering them into the combustion chamber using novel methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月13日

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  • Volkan Sabri Kül,
  • Selahaddin Orhan Akansu

摘要

This study aims to improve the combustion efficiency of diesel fuel used in internal combustion engines, which are at the heart of global mobility from transportation to heavy industry. It is believed that increasing efficiency will reduce the consumption of existing energy resources and mitigate their environmental impact. In this study, aluminium, stearic acid-coated aluminium, titanium dioxide, and boron were used as additives to diesel fuel to improve fuel efficiency. Combustible particles were delivered directly from the intake manifold to the combustion chamber using a custom-designed solid particle disperser (SPD) (Type 1) and also mixed with liquid fuel using a conventional method (Type 2). Experiments were conducted with both methods, and comparative analyses were performed. The results showed that particle additives significantly improved thermal efficiency. The greatest increase in thermal efficiency was achieved with the stearic acid-coated aluminium additive. The thermal efficiencies of the experiments with stearic acid-coated aluminium (St@Al) were higher at all ppm values than those of all other experiments, including pure diesel. According to experiments conducted with pure diesel, increases in thermal efficiency were observed with ESt@Al130, DSt@Al130, DSt@Al260, ESt@Al420, ESt@Al260, and DSt@Al420 (St@Al additive) at rates of 4.64%, 4.39%, 4.06%, 3.99%, 3.98%, and 3.82%, respectively. When comparing Type 1 and Type 2 particle feeding methods in terms of thermal efficiency, experiments with Type 2 showed higher thermal efficiency than those with Type 1. For example, the BTE value of ESt@Al130 (Type 2) was 35.866%, while the BTE value of DSt@Al130 (Type 1) was 35.614%. Furthermore, it was observed that the particle additive improved CO and HC emissions. The most significant results were observed with aluminium additives. Overall, all aluminium additives showed improvements in CO, HC, and NO emissions of 15.75%, 32.5%, and 3.25%, respectively, compared to pure diesel.