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<p>Nanofluids have demonstrated a remarkable ability to enhance the heat transfer performance of radiators, achieving an impressive average improvement of 20–28% compared to conventional coolants. This review examines the use of nanofluids in automotive radiators, focusing on key factors such as preparation methods, stability, and the mechanisms that enhance heat transfer. It discusses studies on both single and hybrid nanofluids, detailing their effects on radiator performance and the advantages of combining them with phase change materials. This report includes numerical simulation studies, turbulence modeling, and validation techniques used to predict heat transfer and pressure drop. The optimal operating parameters for nanofluids in radiators include a volume concentration ranging from 0.01 to 2, with particle shapes such as spherical, cylindrical, and platelet. The recommended volumetric flow rate is between 2 and 10 LPM, and the inlet fluid temperature should be maintained between 60 and 90&#xa0;°C. Under these conditions, the OHTC increases by 15 to 50%. The review highlights the substantial impact of nanofluids and other miscellaneous techniques including incorporation with geometry modifications, turbulence promoters, and PCM in the cooling performance of radiators. In this review, researchers can find the challenges of practical implementation and the recommendations for future developments in this area.</p>

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Effect on heat transfer performance of automobile radiator using hybrid nanofluids and phase change materials: an exhaustive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Sonali Sampatrao Nagawade,
  • Vaibhav N. Deshmukh

摘要

Nanofluids have demonstrated a remarkable ability to enhance the heat transfer performance of radiators, achieving an impressive average improvement of 20–28% compared to conventional coolants. This review examines the use of nanofluids in automotive radiators, focusing on key factors such as preparation methods, stability, and the mechanisms that enhance heat transfer. It discusses studies on both single and hybrid nanofluids, detailing their effects on radiator performance and the advantages of combining them with phase change materials. This report includes numerical simulation studies, turbulence modeling, and validation techniques used to predict heat transfer and pressure drop. The optimal operating parameters for nanofluids in radiators include a volume concentration ranging from 0.01 to 2, with particle shapes such as spherical, cylindrical, and platelet. The recommended volumetric flow rate is between 2 and 10 LPM, and the inlet fluid temperature should be maintained between 60 and 90 °C. Under these conditions, the OHTC increases by 15 to 50%. The review highlights the substantial impact of nanofluids and other miscellaneous techniques including incorporation with geometry modifications, turbulence promoters, and PCM in the cooling performance of radiators. In this review, researchers can find the challenges of practical implementation and the recommendations for future developments in this area.