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<p>Saffron, the world’s most valuable spice, faces significant fraud risks; this study investigates thermal imaging as a rapid, non-invasive method for its authentication, revealing key findings on distinct thermal properties differentiating pure from counterfeit saffron, highlighting its practical applications in quality control. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions using saffron solutions prepared at three chamber temperatures (15, 25, and 35&#xa0;℃) and saffron solution concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 4&#xa0;g/200&#xa0;mL). Thermal diffusion rates were calculated and analyzed to distinguish pure saffron from counterfeit solutions. The results showed that increasing saffron concentration from 2&#xa0;g/200&#xa0;mL to 4&#xa0;g/200&#xa0;mL enhanced the thermal diffusion rate by approximately 33%, while raising the chamber temperature from 15&#xa0;℃ to 35&#xa0;℃ led to a 48% increase. Counterfeit saffron (Saffron Ink™) consistently exhibited higher thermal diffusion rates, indicating significant differences in thermal properties. These findings demonstrate that thermal imaging is a practical and reliable tool for saffron quality control and fraud prevention.</p>

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Investigating the feasibility of detecting counterfeit saffron using thermal imaging techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Sadegh Rashidi Kouchi,
  • Hamid Mortezapour,
  • Zeinab Rezvani,
  • Mohammadmehdi Maharlooei,
  • Kazem Jafarinaemi

摘要

Saffron, the world’s most valuable spice, faces significant fraud risks; this study investigates thermal imaging as a rapid, non-invasive method for its authentication, revealing key findings on distinct thermal properties differentiating pure from counterfeit saffron, highlighting its practical applications in quality control. Experiments were carried out under controlled conditions using saffron solutions prepared at three chamber temperatures (15, 25, and 35 ℃) and saffron solution concentrations (0.5, 2.5, and 4 g/200 mL). Thermal diffusion rates were calculated and analyzed to distinguish pure saffron from counterfeit solutions. The results showed that increasing saffron concentration from 2 g/200 mL to 4 g/200 mL enhanced the thermal diffusion rate by approximately 33%, while raising the chamber temperature from 15 ℃ to 35 ℃ led to a 48% increase. Counterfeit saffron (Saffron Ink™) consistently exhibited higher thermal diffusion rates, indicating significant differences in thermal properties. These findings demonstrate that thermal imaging is a practical and reliable tool for saffron quality control and fraud prevention.