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<p>Traditional solar greenhouses have low utilization of back wall vents and hanging windows and often reduce crop yields. To solve this problem, the impacts of the back wall vents and hanging windows under natural ventilation on the microenvironment of solar greenhouses were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The positions of the hanging windows (inward-opening bottom-hung windows, inward-opening top-hung windows, outward-opening bottom-hung windows, and outward-opening top-hung windows) and the opening angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) were all optimized. The results indicated that the addition of back wall vents and the outward-opening top-hung windows with an opening angle of 90° improved the velocity and temperature homogeneity indices by 3.69% and 0.06%, respectively. It effectively alleviated the impact of the draft (the maximum air velocity in the crop area was 4.8% lower than those with the vents fully open) and had good cooling effect (the average indoor temperature and the average temperature of the crop area were reduced by 0.9&#xa0;°C and 0.4&#xa0;°C, respectively). The ventilation rate was increased by 26.9%, and the ventilation efficiency was 2.3 times that of traditional ventilation methods. When the incoming wind direction is southeast, this configuration still performed well. At the same time, the back wall vents and hanging windows did not affect the greenhouse's heat retention and storage capacity in winter. These findings help promote the rational design of energy-saving solar greenhouses and have engineering application value.</p>

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What impact do back wall vents and hanging windows have on the microenvironment? A case study of Chinese solar greenhouses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Guanglin Hu,
  • Yunfei Ma

摘要

Traditional solar greenhouses have low utilization of back wall vents and hanging windows and often reduce crop yields. To solve this problem, the impacts of the back wall vents and hanging windows under natural ventilation on the microenvironment of solar greenhouses were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The positions of the hanging windows (inward-opening bottom-hung windows, inward-opening top-hung windows, outward-opening bottom-hung windows, and outward-opening top-hung windows) and the opening angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) were all optimized. The results indicated that the addition of back wall vents and the outward-opening top-hung windows with an opening angle of 90° improved the velocity and temperature homogeneity indices by 3.69% and 0.06%, respectively. It effectively alleviated the impact of the draft (the maximum air velocity in the crop area was 4.8% lower than those with the vents fully open) and had good cooling effect (the average indoor temperature and the average temperature of the crop area were reduced by 0.9 °C and 0.4 °C, respectively). The ventilation rate was increased by 26.9%, and the ventilation efficiency was 2.3 times that of traditional ventilation methods. When the incoming wind direction is southeast, this configuration still performed well. At the same time, the back wall vents and hanging windows did not affect the greenhouse's heat retention and storage capacity in winter. These findings help promote the rational design of energy-saving solar greenhouses and have engineering application value.