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<p>The objective of this study is to systematically investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO) loading on the curing behavior, mechanical performance, physical properties, and thermal aging resistance of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and chlorinated isobutylene–isoprene rubber (CIIR) blend composites. GO was incorporated as a reinforcing nanofiller, and key properties including rebound resilience, swelling behavior, compression set, cross-link density, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation, tear strength, and elongation at break were evaluated before and after thermal aging. With increasing GO content, minimum torque, maximum torque, torque difference, and cure rate index increased, while scorch time and optimum cure time decreased, indicating accelerated vulcanization. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation improved up to 6 phr GO, showing enhancements of 101.3% and 47.2%, respectively, compared to the unfilled blend. Tear strength increased continuously, reaching a maximum improvement of 72.5%. However, elongation at break and rebound resilience decreased by approximately 17.8% and 33.3%, respectively, due to restricted chain mobility. Cross-link density increased up to 6 phr GO and declined at higher loadings, consistent with swelling behavior, while compression set increased with GO incorporation. Thermal aging at 100&#xa0;°C preserved or enhanced mechanical properties due to post-curing and network stabilization, whereas aging at 125&#xa0;°C led to partial deterioration attributed to chain scission, interfacial debonding, and GO restacking. Overall, 6 phr GO was identified as the optimal loading for achieving a balanced combination of mechanical reinforcement, durability, elastic performance, and thermal aging resistance in the blend system.</p>

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Graphene oxide-induced enhancement of mechanical, physical, and thermal aging performance in EPDM/CIIR rubber composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • G. Sangeetha,
  • P. Saravanan,
  • S. Arunkumar,
  • S. Vishvanathperumal

摘要

The objective of this study is to systematically investigate the effect of graphene oxide (GO) loading on the curing behavior, mechanical performance, physical properties, and thermal aging resistance of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and chlorinated isobutylene–isoprene rubber (CIIR) blend composites. GO was incorporated as a reinforcing nanofiller, and key properties including rebound resilience, swelling behavior, compression set, cross-link density, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, stress at 100% elongation, tear strength, and elongation at break were evaluated before and after thermal aging. With increasing GO content, minimum torque, maximum torque, torque difference, and cure rate index increased, while scorch time and optimum cure time decreased, indicating accelerated vulcanization. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation improved up to 6 phr GO, showing enhancements of 101.3% and 47.2%, respectively, compared to the unfilled blend. Tear strength increased continuously, reaching a maximum improvement of 72.5%. However, elongation at break and rebound resilience decreased by approximately 17.8% and 33.3%, respectively, due to restricted chain mobility. Cross-link density increased up to 6 phr GO and declined at higher loadings, consistent with swelling behavior, while compression set increased with GO incorporation. Thermal aging at 100 °C preserved or enhanced mechanical properties due to post-curing and network stabilization, whereas aging at 125 °C led to partial deterioration attributed to chain scission, interfacial debonding, and GO restacking. Overall, 6 phr GO was identified as the optimal loading for achieving a balanced combination of mechanical reinforcement, durability, elastic performance, and thermal aging resistance in the blend system.