<p>Under the impact of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) influences, this work examines the entropy generating and fluid behavior of ternary nanofluids (including Cu, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and SWCNTs) flowing via corrugated microchannels. Important for usage in industrial cooling systems, energy efficiency, and medicinal devices including drug administration and hyperthermia therapy, the study is relevant to microfluidic cooling systems, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia cancer treatment, and energy-efficient thermal management in electronics and HVAC systems. Using perturbation techniques, the governing equations for fluid flow, heat transfer, and entropy formation are solved with Mathematica’s DSolve tool and the differential transform method (DTM) yielding results. The effects on velocity, temperature distribution, and entropy production of important factors like Hartmann number, porosity, and nanoparticle concentration are emphasized in the results. The results highlight how Hartmann number, porosity, and nanoparticle concentration affect velocity, temperature distribution, and entropy production. Under asymmetric wall charge conditions, increasing the Hartmann number from 0.5 to 2.0 increases maximum flow velocity by 18% and heat transmission by 12%. Adding ternary nanoparticles (at <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\phi =0.05$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.05</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) reduces flow velocity by 35% relative to pure fluid due to greater viscous dissipation, but increases temperature profile, indicating improved thermal transmission. Porous walls and nanoparticles alter entropy distribution. Porous walls (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$R=\pm 2.0$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>2.0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) increase near-wall entropy by up to 40% due to frictional losses, while Eckert number and nanoparticle concentration increase Bejan number by 15–20%. The findings suggest that ternary nanofluids in corrugated channels can control temperature and save energy for sophisticated industrial and biological applications. In particular, increasing the Hartmann number from 0.5 to 2.0 increases flow velocity by 18% and heat transfer by 12%. Furthermore, increasing the Hartmann number from 0.5 to 2.5 and the electric field parameter from <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$S = 0$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$S = 25$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>25</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> enhances the Nusselt number by up to 526%, while adding ternary nanoparticles reduces heat transfer by 26% compared to pure fluid. The research emphasizes entropy analysis for fluid system optimization for sustainability and performance.</p>

Thermal performance and minimizing entropy in microchannels: parametric analysis of an electromagnetohydrodynamic ternary nanofluids

期刊论文
发表日期：

2026年7月10日

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Mohamed S. Abdel-Wahed,
Ahmed Y. Sayed,
A. M. A. Moawad,
Shaaban I. Ahmed

摘要

Under the impact of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) influences, this work examines the entropy generating and fluid behavior of ternary nanofluids (including Cu, SiO₂, and SWCNTs) flowing via corrugated microchannels. Important for usage in industrial cooling systems, energy efficiency, and medicinal devices including drug administration and hyperthermia therapy, the study is relevant to microfluidic cooling systems, targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia cancer treatment, and energy-efficient thermal management in electronics and HVAC systems. Using perturbation techniques, the governing equations for fluid flow, heat transfer, and entropy formation are solved with Mathematica’s DSolve tool and the differential transform method (DTM) yielding results. The effects on velocity, temperature distribution, and entropy production of important factors like Hartmann number, porosity, and nanoparticle concentration are emphasized in the results. The results highlight how Hartmann number, porosity, and nanoparticle concentration affect velocity, temperature distribution, and entropy production. Under asymmetric wall charge conditions, increasing the Hartmann number from 0.5 to 2.0 increases maximum flow velocity by 18% and heat transmission by 12%. Adding ternary nanoparticles (at $\phi =0.05$ $ϕ = 0.05$ ) reduces flow velocity by 35% relative to pure fluid due to greater viscous dissipation, but increases temperature profile, indicating improved thermal transmission. Porous walls and nanoparticles alter entropy distribution. Porous walls ( $R=\pm 2.0$ $R = \pm 2.0$ ) increase near-wall entropy by up to 40% due to frictional losses, while Eckert number and nanoparticle concentration increase Bejan number by 15–20%. The findings suggest that ternary nanofluids in corrugated channels can control temperature and save energy for sophisticated industrial and biological applications. In particular, increasing the Hartmann number from 0.5 to 2.0 increases flow velocity by 18% and heat transfer by 12%. Furthermore, increasing the Hartmann number from 0.5 to 2.5 and the electric field parameter from $S = 0$ $S = 0$ to $S = 25$ $S = 25$ enhances the Nusselt number by up to 526%, while adding ternary nanoparticles reduces heat transfer by 26% compared to pure fluid. The research emphasizes entropy analysis for fluid system optimization for sustainability and performance.