Mathematical modeling of heat transfer in blood flow through plaqued arteries carrying metallic nanoparticles with different shapes
摘要
Metallic nanoparticles, which are ultra-small particles composed of pure metals or metal-based compounds, play a crucial role in modern medical science, particularly in targeted drug delivery, antimicrobial therapy, biosensing, and hyperthermia. Among them, gold, silver, and copper nanoparticles stand out for their exceptional optical, thermal, and antimicrobial properties. When these nanoparticles are suspended into blood, it forms a trihybrid nanoblood that have synergistic advantages, including improved flow behavior, enhanced thermal performance, and superior therapeutic functionality in stenotic arteries. The present study focuses on mathematical modeling of blood flow through a stenotic artery carrying a suspension of gold, silver and copper nanoparticles under the combined effects of magnetic field, electroosmotic force, thermal radiation, and Joule heating. The mathematical model comprises the equations governing electric potential, continuity, modified Navier–Stokes momentum, and energy. Blood is treated as a Casson fluid, and the model incorporates the influence of nanoparticles through viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and thermal expansion expressions that depend on nanoparticle volume fractions and nanoparticle shapes. The Frobenius method and homotopy perturbation method are employed to derive an approximate analytical solution to the problem. The results reveal that the trihybrid nanoblood containing gold, silver, and copper exhibits the lowest blood velocity while achieving the highest blood temperature and magnitude of pressure gradient compared with mono and hybrid nanobloods formed from these nanoparticles. Also, increasing the gold nanoparticles volume fraction from