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<p>The liquid film thickness in vertical annular gas–liquid two-phase flow is a critical parameter in the design and analysis of thermal systems used in power generation and other engineering applications, including heat exchangers and related two-phase flow equipment. This study presents a new semi-empirical correlation developed based on the Henstock and Hanratty framework, utilizing a comprehensive database consisting of 876 experimental data points collected from nine independent data sources. The correlation parameters were determined using a highly reliable Source-weighted Nonlinear Least-Squares Regression approach, enabling applicability over a broad range of operating conditions. To address overfitting related to the liquid-to-gas viscosity ratio, the proposed model incorporates three principal dimensionless groups: the gas Reynolds number, the gas-to-liquid mass flux ratio, and the gas-to-liquid density ratio. The resulting correlation exhibits robust predictive performance, surpassing existing correlations in the literature, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 21.34% and a coefficient of determination (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of 0.8939. Additionally, 77.51% of the predicted values are contained within a ± 30% error band. Although the proposed model is expressed in an explicit closed-form equation, making it convenient for practical engineering calculations, certain limitations remain, particularly for applications involving non-water and high-viscosity fluids. These aspects warrant further investigation and future refinement. Overall, this study provides a reliable and well-validated predictive tool for the design and optimization of heat-transfer systems involving annular gas–liquid two-phase flow across a wide range of engineering applications.</p>

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Predictive model for estimating liquid film thickness in upward vertical annular gas–liquid flow: a semi-empirical approach for energy-related applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Saran Salakij,
  • Netchanok Thiabsi,
  • Gridsada Phanomchoeng,
  • Somchai Wongwises

摘要

The liquid film thickness in vertical annular gas–liquid two-phase flow is a critical parameter in the design and analysis of thermal systems used in power generation and other engineering applications, including heat exchangers and related two-phase flow equipment. This study presents a new semi-empirical correlation developed based on the Henstock and Hanratty framework, utilizing a comprehensive database consisting of 876 experimental data points collected from nine independent data sources. The correlation parameters were determined using a highly reliable Source-weighted Nonlinear Least-Squares Regression approach, enabling applicability over a broad range of operating conditions. To address overfitting related to the liquid-to-gas viscosity ratio, the proposed model incorporates three principal dimensionless groups: the gas Reynolds number, the gas-to-liquid mass flux ratio, and the gas-to-liquid density ratio. The resulting correlation exhibits robust predictive performance, surpassing existing correlations in the literature, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 21.34% and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8939. Additionally, 77.51% of the predicted values are contained within a ± 30% error band. Although the proposed model is expressed in an explicit closed-form equation, making it convenient for practical engineering calculations, certain limitations remain, particularly for applications involving non-water and high-viscosity fluids. These aspects warrant further investigation and future refinement. Overall, this study provides a reliable and well-validated predictive tool for the design and optimization of heat-transfer systems involving annular gas–liquid two-phase flow across a wide range of engineering applications.