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<p>A non-similar numerical model is developed for magnetically actuated nanofluid flow and heat transfer of a blood–Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> suspension over a stretching cylindrical surface under a strong external magnetic field. The formulation couples ferrohydrodynamic (FHD) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects with radiative transport and volumetric heat generation in a boundary-layer framework. Using appropriate similarity variables, the governing equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear partial differential equations in the axial and radial directions and solved via a local non-similarity approach using MATLAB’s <i>bvp4c</i> solver. The influence of magnetic field strength, ferromagnetic interaction parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, curvature, radiation, and internal heat generation on the velocity and temperature fields is examined for both cylindrical and flat-plate limits. Results show that increasing magnetic and ferromagnetic interaction parameters suppresses the axial velocity due to Lorentz and Kelvin forces while elevating the fluid temperature and reducing the local Nusselt number. Nanoparticle loading thickens the thermal boundary layer and enhances near-wall temperature, whereas cylindrical curvature intensifies both momentum retardation and thermal augmentation compared to the planar case. Combined radiative and volumetric heating produces a super-additive rise in temperature and a progressive decline in heat transfer rate. The proposed non-similar framework provides a basis for the design and parametric optimization of magnetically controlled thermal-fluid systems involving electrically conducting nanofluids over cylindrical surfaces.</p>

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Non-similar analysis of biomagnetic Fe3O4–blood nanofluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching cylinder in a strong magnetic field

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Jahangir Alam,
  • Nayema Islam Nima,
  • M. G. Murtaza,
  • Mohammed Abdul Hannan

摘要

A non-similar numerical model is developed for magnetically actuated nanofluid flow and heat transfer of a blood–Fe3O4 suspension over a stretching cylindrical surface under a strong external magnetic field. The formulation couples ferrohydrodynamic (FHD) and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects with radiative transport and volumetric heat generation in a boundary-layer framework. Using appropriate similarity variables, the governing equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear partial differential equations in the axial and radial directions and solved via a local non-similarity approach using MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The influence of magnetic field strength, ferromagnetic interaction parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction, curvature, radiation, and internal heat generation on the velocity and temperature fields is examined for both cylindrical and flat-plate limits. Results show that increasing magnetic and ferromagnetic interaction parameters suppresses the axial velocity due to Lorentz and Kelvin forces while elevating the fluid temperature and reducing the local Nusselt number. Nanoparticle loading thickens the thermal boundary layer and enhances near-wall temperature, whereas cylindrical curvature intensifies both momentum retardation and thermal augmentation compared to the planar case. Combined radiative and volumetric heating produces a super-additive rise in temperature and a progressive decline in heat transfer rate. The proposed non-similar framework provides a basis for the design and parametric optimization of magnetically controlled thermal-fluid systems involving electrically conducting nanofluids over cylindrical surfaces.