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<p>To enhance the comprehensive thermohydraulic performance of radial heat pipes in waste heat recovery systems, this paper proposes a novel elliptical cross-section eccentric radial heat pipe (ECERHP). This structure optimizes the two-phase flow distribution within the pipe through geometric reconstruction, aiming to intensify heat transfer while improving wall temperature uniformity. A full-scale three-dimensional CFD model of this heat pipe was established. The study systematically investigated the synergistic effects of liquid fill ratio (30–60%), tilt angle (0–30°), and heating power (4000–6000 W). Research findings indicate that the total thermal resistance of heat pipes exhibits a U-shaped variation with liquid fill ratio, decreasing initially before increasing. The optimal fill ratio is 50%. At this filling ratio, the influence of inclination is non-monotonic, and the best heat-transfer performance occurs at an inclination of 20°. Under these optimal conditions (6000 W), the heat pipe achieves a total heat transfer coefficient of 192.86 W&#xa0;(m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;K)<sup>−1</sup> with thermal resistance as low as 0.0182&#xa0;K&#xa0;W<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, as heat input power increases, the influence of fill ratio and tilt angle on the heat transfer performance of elliptical cross-section eccentric radial heat pipes becomes more pronounced. For every 1&#xa0;kW increase in power, the total thermal resistance decreases by approximately 12.7–16.8% under different fill ratio conditions and by approximately 12.65–16.93% under different tilt angle conditions. Finally, conclusions regarding temperature distribution indicate that compared to low fill ratio (30%) conditions, the optimal fill ratio effectively suppresses localized overheating at the top of the evaporation section. This reduces the average top wall temperature by 5.09&#xa0;K (at 5000 W), thereby decreasing the axial temperature difference and improving temperature uniformity. This study quantifies the heat transfer advantages of ECERHP, confirming its engineering value as a highly efficient, compact heat exchange component.</p>

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Numerical simulation study on the influence of liquid filling ratio and tilt angle on the heat transfer performance of elliptical cross-section eccentric radial heat pipes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Yuhao Gao,
  • Tianyu Wu,
  • Xinxin Ren,
  • Jianqiu Zhou

摘要

To enhance the comprehensive thermohydraulic performance of radial heat pipes in waste heat recovery systems, this paper proposes a novel elliptical cross-section eccentric radial heat pipe (ECERHP). This structure optimizes the two-phase flow distribution within the pipe through geometric reconstruction, aiming to intensify heat transfer while improving wall temperature uniformity. A full-scale three-dimensional CFD model of this heat pipe was established. The study systematically investigated the synergistic effects of liquid fill ratio (30–60%), tilt angle (0–30°), and heating power (4000–6000 W). Research findings indicate that the total thermal resistance of heat pipes exhibits a U-shaped variation with liquid fill ratio, decreasing initially before increasing. The optimal fill ratio is 50%. At this filling ratio, the influence of inclination is non-monotonic, and the best heat-transfer performance occurs at an inclination of 20°. Under these optimal conditions (6000 W), the heat pipe achieves a total heat transfer coefficient of 192.86 W (m2 K)−1 with thermal resistance as low as 0.0182 K W−1. Furthermore, as heat input power increases, the influence of fill ratio and tilt angle on the heat transfer performance of elliptical cross-section eccentric radial heat pipes becomes more pronounced. For every 1 kW increase in power, the total thermal resistance decreases by approximately 12.7–16.8% under different fill ratio conditions and by approximately 12.65–16.93% under different tilt angle conditions. Finally, conclusions regarding temperature distribution indicate that compared to low fill ratio (30%) conditions, the optimal fill ratio effectively suppresses localized overheating at the top of the evaporation section. This reduces the average top wall temperature by 5.09 K (at 5000 W), thereby decreasing the axial temperature difference and improving temperature uniformity. This study quantifies the heat transfer advantages of ECERHP, confirming its engineering value as a highly efficient, compact heat exchange component.