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<p>The present research aims to study and investigate the combinations of RT-60 paraffin phase-change material (PCM) and different concentrations of hybrid nanofluid (graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)–copper (Cu)) on the thermal performance of the dynamic solar thermal energy storage system configured with an evacuated-tube solar collector (ETC) under 2L min<sup>−1</sup>. According to this, the hybrid nanofluid characteristics, such as stability analysis (Zeta potential), specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and pressure drop, are investigated, and the zeta potential study indicates that the GNP/Cu combination is a good electrostatic stability and ensures even particle dispersion in the base fluid. The 0.15 mass% hybrid nanofluid (GNP/Cu) is found 17.5% enhanced thermal conductivity at 80 ºC, marginal decreases in specific heat capacity, and 25.6% improved pressure drop at peak solar irradiation compared to the base fluid. Furthermore, the system configured both PCM and 0.15 mass% hybrid nanofluid found a significant enhancement in energy storage and heat transfer coefficient (720 W&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;K<sup>−1</sup> at 1.00&#xa0;pm), which is better than the system operated by base fluid. However, the system operated with PCM and 0.15 mass% hybrid nanofluid found an improved fluid outlet temperature, and enhanced thermal and exergy efficiency, which are 72 ºC at 1.00&#xa0;pm, 62.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the combined integration of PCM and GNP/Cu hybrid nanofluid effectively improves the thermal storage capability and overall performance of ETC-based solar water heating systems.</p>

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Combined effects of graphene nanoplatelets–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid and RT-60 paraffin PCM on charging/discharging dynamics of a solar thermal energy storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Madaminov Sanjarbek Maxmudjon Ugli,
  • Gaurav Bharadwaj,
  • P. Kanaka Tulasi,
  • Divya Sharma,
  • M. Sreenivasa Reddy,
  • Amritpal Sidhu,
  • Sagayaraj Pappu,
  • Ramya Maranan,
  • Barun Haldar,
  • M. Murali

摘要

The present research aims to study and investigate the combinations of RT-60 paraffin phase-change material (PCM) and different concentrations of hybrid nanofluid (graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)–copper (Cu)) on the thermal performance of the dynamic solar thermal energy storage system configured with an evacuated-tube solar collector (ETC) under 2L min−1. According to this, the hybrid nanofluid characteristics, such as stability analysis (Zeta potential), specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and pressure drop, are investigated, and the zeta potential study indicates that the GNP/Cu combination is a good electrostatic stability and ensures even particle dispersion in the base fluid. The 0.15 mass% hybrid nanofluid (GNP/Cu) is found 17.5% enhanced thermal conductivity at 80 ºC, marginal decreases in specific heat capacity, and 25.6% improved pressure drop at peak solar irradiation compared to the base fluid. Furthermore, the system configured both PCM and 0.15 mass% hybrid nanofluid found a significant enhancement in energy storage and heat transfer coefficient (720 W m−2 K−1 at 1.00 pm), which is better than the system operated by base fluid. However, the system operated with PCM and 0.15 mass% hybrid nanofluid found an improved fluid outlet temperature, and enhanced thermal and exergy efficiency, which are 72 ºC at 1.00 pm, 62.9%, and 11.6%, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the combined integration of PCM and GNP/Cu hybrid nanofluid effectively improves the thermal storage capability and overall performance of ETC-based solar water heating systems.