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<p>A comprehensive investigation was conducted on four Mongolian oil shales, including Bayanjargalan (BJ), Erdenesant (ES), Erdenetsagaan (ET), and Khoot (KT), to elucidate the interplay between their mineral–organic matrices and thermal decomposition behaviors. Characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed distinct mineralogical compositions. BJ is rich in catalytically active illite-I/S, ET consists mainly of carbonates, illite-I/S and kaolinite, ES is dominated by feldspar, carbonates and kaolinite, and KT is primarily composed of quartz with moderate levels of feldspar and calcite. Thermogravimetric analysis identified three pyrolysis stages, with the KT sample exhibiting the highest mass loss of 26.35% between 250 and 600&#xa0;°C. Kinetic analysis using isoconversional methods (Friedman and KAS) demonstrated that mineral–organic interactions significantly influenced the apparent activation energy (<i>E</i><sub>a</sub>), following the order ES &gt; ET &gt; BJ &gt; KT. The decompositions of kaolinite and carbonates were identified as key factors increasing the <i>E</i><sub>a</sub>, while the catalytic illite-I/S phase lowers energy barriers by facilitating bond scission. Notably, Coats–Redfern analysis indicated that KT follows a single-step diffusion mechanism (D-ZLT3), while the others involve complex multi-step reactions. Retorting experiments yielded shale oils dominated by <i>n</i>-alkanes, with compositions governed by the interplay between kerogen structure and mineral-catalyzed reactions. Post-pyrolysis pore evolution, characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), showed that while organic matter decomposition drives pore generation, the final pore architecture is constrained by the mineral matrix, particularly clay morphology. This study establishes a fundamental structure–reactivity relationship for Mongolian oil shales, providing critical kinetic and structural parameters to guide the optimal utilization of this strategic resource.</p>

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Pyrolysis characteristics and pyrolysate analysis of four Mongolian oil shales

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月19日

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  • Sunhua Deng,
  • Huilin Cao,
  • Demchig Tsolmon,
  • Fengtian Bai

摘要

A comprehensive investigation was conducted on four Mongolian oil shales, including Bayanjargalan (BJ), Erdenesant (ES), Erdenetsagaan (ET), and Khoot (KT), to elucidate the interplay between their mineral–organic matrices and thermal decomposition behaviors. Characterization via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed distinct mineralogical compositions. BJ is rich in catalytically active illite-I/S, ET consists mainly of carbonates, illite-I/S and kaolinite, ES is dominated by feldspar, carbonates and kaolinite, and KT is primarily composed of quartz with moderate levels of feldspar and calcite. Thermogravimetric analysis identified three pyrolysis stages, with the KT sample exhibiting the highest mass loss of 26.35% between 250 and 600 °C. Kinetic analysis using isoconversional methods (Friedman and KAS) demonstrated that mineral–organic interactions significantly influenced the apparent activation energy (Ea), following the order ES > ET > BJ > KT. The decompositions of kaolinite and carbonates were identified as key factors increasing the Ea, while the catalytic illite-I/S phase lowers energy barriers by facilitating bond scission. Notably, Coats–Redfern analysis indicated that KT follows a single-step diffusion mechanism (D-ZLT3), while the others involve complex multi-step reactions. Retorting experiments yielded shale oils dominated by n-alkanes, with compositions governed by the interplay between kerogen structure and mineral-catalyzed reactions. Post-pyrolysis pore evolution, characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), showed that while organic matter decomposition drives pore generation, the final pore architecture is constrained by the mineral matrix, particularly clay morphology. This study establishes a fundamental structure–reactivity relationship for Mongolian oil shales, providing critical kinetic and structural parameters to guide the optimal utilization of this strategic resource.