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<p>The increasing global demand for clean energy, coupled with the challenges posed by high construction costs and the low overall efficiency of conventional solar chimneys (typically only 1–2%), has created a need for more efficient, cost-effective engineering solutions. This study systematically reviews the floating solar chimney (FSC) and inclined solar chimney (SSC) systems as advanced alternatives that leverage thermal buoyancy to increase power output. Quantitative results from previous studies indicate that FSC systems can achieve a 15–30% improvement in thermal efficiency by increasing the effective height to 1–2.5 km, while reducing construction costs by up to 80–90% compared to concrete chimneys. SSC systems with optimal inclination angles (20°–35°) have demonstrated a 10–35% performance increase and a 20–30% increase in air velocity, while minimizing the need for a tall vertical chimney.</p><p>Analysis of the second law of thermodynamics also showed that the exothermic efficiency of the inclined system can reach approximately 80% under optimal conditions. Despite these advantages, challenges remain regarding structural stability, air losses, and long-term material durability. The scientific novelty of this study lies in providing the first comprehensive quantitative comparison between the two systems in terms of thermal performance and economic viability, thus offering a clear analytical framework to support the application of these technologies in areas with high solar irradiance, particularly in desert and mountainous environments.</p>

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Floating and sloped solar chimney systems: a comprehensive review of concepts, performance, and future prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Omer K. Ahmed

摘要

The increasing global demand for clean energy, coupled with the challenges posed by high construction costs and the low overall efficiency of conventional solar chimneys (typically only 1–2%), has created a need for more efficient, cost-effective engineering solutions. This study systematically reviews the floating solar chimney (FSC) and inclined solar chimney (SSC) systems as advanced alternatives that leverage thermal buoyancy to increase power output. Quantitative results from previous studies indicate that FSC systems can achieve a 15–30% improvement in thermal efficiency by increasing the effective height to 1–2.5 km, while reducing construction costs by up to 80–90% compared to concrete chimneys. SSC systems with optimal inclination angles (20°–35°) have demonstrated a 10–35% performance increase and a 20–30% increase in air velocity, while minimizing the need for a tall vertical chimney.

Analysis of the second law of thermodynamics also showed that the exothermic efficiency of the inclined system can reach approximately 80% under optimal conditions. Despite these advantages, challenges remain regarding structural stability, air losses, and long-term material durability. The scientific novelty of this study lies in providing the first comprehensive quantitative comparison between the two systems in terms of thermal performance and economic viability, thus offering a clear analytical framework to support the application of these technologies in areas with high solar irradiance, particularly in desert and mountainous environments.