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<p>This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the thermal management and entropy generation characteristics of five minichannel heat sink (MCHS) configurations subjected to a uniform bottom heat flux of 20 kWm<sup>−2</sup> and cooled by internal water flow. Simulations analyzed the impacts of design variations, including straight, bifurcated, wavy, and hybrid wavy-bifurcated channels, on the temperature distribution, convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC), Nusselt number (Nu), pressure drop (Δp), thermal resistance (TR), and entropy generation under laminar flow conditions. Results reveal that complex channel geometries, particularly the wavy MCHS with bifurcation and secondary channels (Case 4), significantly enhance thermal performance, achieving an HTC of approximately 28,000 Wm<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;K<sup>−1</sup> at Re = 600 (a 180% improvement over the Base case) and a peak Nu of ~ 18. However, these gains accompany increased flow resistance, with Δp for Case 4 reaching 3.16&#xa0;MPa at Re = 600, over 39 times higher than the Base case’s 80&#xa0;kPa. Temperature contours show superior temperature uniformity and reduced hot spots in the complex cases, affirming the positive effect of intensive mixing on heat dissipation. This work highlights a critical trade-off between heat transfer enhancement and pumping power demand, offering guidance for optimized MCHS designs that balance thermal efficiency and hydraulic performance for advanced electronics cooling applications.</p>

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Thermal management and entropy analysis of an innovative minichannel heat sink design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Guangming Li,
  • Li Xiong,
  • Congrui Zuo,
  • Bo Huang,
  • Xuantao Wang

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the thermal management and entropy generation characteristics of five minichannel heat sink (MCHS) configurations subjected to a uniform bottom heat flux of 20 kWm−2 and cooled by internal water flow. Simulations analyzed the impacts of design variations, including straight, bifurcated, wavy, and hybrid wavy-bifurcated channels, on the temperature distribution, convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC), Nusselt number (Nu), pressure drop (Δp), thermal resistance (TR), and entropy generation under laminar flow conditions. Results reveal that complex channel geometries, particularly the wavy MCHS with bifurcation and secondary channels (Case 4), significantly enhance thermal performance, achieving an HTC of approximately 28,000 Wm−2 K−1 at Re = 600 (a 180% improvement over the Base case) and a peak Nu of ~ 18. However, these gains accompany increased flow resistance, with Δp for Case 4 reaching 3.16 MPa at Re = 600, over 39 times higher than the Base case’s 80 kPa. Temperature contours show superior temperature uniformity and reduced hot spots in the complex cases, affirming the positive effect of intensive mixing on heat dissipation. This work highlights a critical trade-off between heat transfer enhancement and pumping power demand, offering guidance for optimized MCHS designs that balance thermal efficiency and hydraulic performance for advanced electronics cooling applications.