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<p>This study investigated the thermal behavior and tribological performance of ADEKA Kiku-Lube Z-112 (Z-112), a commercially available ZDDP additive. It provides insights into its degradation mechanism, and its storage and suitability for applications at low and high temperatures. Furthermore, the tribological performance of Z-112 was evaluated with Etro 6 engine oil. The thermal behavior was studied by TG-DTG and DSC across several heating and cooling cycles ranging from 213.15 to 673.15&#xa0;K. The tribological behaviors of Z-112 (2.0&#xa0;mass%) were evaluated in Petronas Etro 6 using a four-ball test. Various parameters, including the coefficient of friction (CoF), maximum non-seizure loads (PB value), welding load (PD value), average wear scar area (WSA), and extreme pressure (EP) properties, were measured and reported. Degradation occurs through three steps. Its degradation onset was at 584.24&#xa0;K, and a 20.5&#xa0;mass% ash was detected at 873.15&#xa0;K. DSC revealed melting at 263.15&#xa0;K with ∆H<sub>fusion</sub> = − 50.91&#xa0;J&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> and crystallization at 258.45&#xa0;K with ∆H<sub>fusion</sub> = 53.30&#xa0;J&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>. A broad exothermic phase transition, accompanied by no mass loss, is followed by the stepwise degradation of Z-112. The CoF and corrosivity of blending Z-112 (2.0&#xa0;mass%)/Etro 6 were higher than those of Etro 6; however, its EP performance was excellent, and small wear scar areas were detected at high loading. The thermal behavior and tribological performance of Z-112 in Etro 6 engine oil are presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.</p>

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Study of the thermal behavior and tribological performance of ADEKA Kiku-Lube Z-112 (Z-112)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Syarifah Iliya Nor Za’im,
  • Mamduhah Mohamad,
  • Nurul Fatimah Abdul Basir,
  • Mohd Rafie Johan,
  • Nader Ghaffari Khaligh

摘要

This study investigated the thermal behavior and tribological performance of ADEKA Kiku-Lube Z-112 (Z-112), a commercially available ZDDP additive. It provides insights into its degradation mechanism, and its storage and suitability for applications at low and high temperatures. Furthermore, the tribological performance of Z-112 was evaluated with Etro 6 engine oil. The thermal behavior was studied by TG-DTG and DSC across several heating and cooling cycles ranging from 213.15 to 673.15 K. The tribological behaviors of Z-112 (2.0 mass%) were evaluated in Petronas Etro 6 using a four-ball test. Various parameters, including the coefficient of friction (CoF), maximum non-seizure loads (PB value), welding load (PD value), average wear scar area (WSA), and extreme pressure (EP) properties, were measured and reported. Degradation occurs through three steps. Its degradation onset was at 584.24 K, and a 20.5 mass% ash was detected at 873.15 K. DSC revealed melting at 263.15 K with ∆Hfusion = − 50.91 J g−1 and crystallization at 258.45 K with ∆Hfusion = 53.30 J g−1. A broad exothermic phase transition, accompanied by no mass loss, is followed by the stepwise degradation of Z-112. The CoF and corrosivity of blending Z-112 (2.0 mass%)/Etro 6 were higher than those of Etro 6; however, its EP performance was excellent, and small wear scar areas were detected at high loading. The thermal behavior and tribological performance of Z-112 in Etro 6 engine oil are presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.