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<p>In this work, the steady-state prediction of energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) performance of selected mass charges of R600a (80&#xa0;g, 100&#xa0;g, and 120&#xa0;g) refrigerant and varying concentrations of hybrid nano-lubricants (TiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MO) within a computerized vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle test rig is investigated. The aim of this investigation is to investigate the effect of hybrid nano-lubricants (TiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MO) on various performance parameters such as coefficient of performance (COP), compressor power, second law efficiency (SLE), overall exergy destruction (ED), compressor’s pull-down time, total environmental warming impact (TEWI), and total operating cost rate. According to the results, the R600a-based test rig's compressor power, overall ED, and pull-down time are all reduced by around 17.92, 42.82, and 26.51%, respectively, compared to the baseline condition (i.e., 80&#xa0;g R600a/pure MO). However, when compared to the baseline, the COP and SLE of the R600a-based test rig are about 32.96 and 21.94% higher, respectively. The reduction in cost rate and TEWI is observed. The environmental performance is improved by 3.66% compared to pure R600a/MO system. Overall, the performance of VCR cycle improved by utilizing hybrid nano-lubricants (TiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MO), with optimal condition achieved at 0.2&#xa0;g L<sup>−1</sup> concentration and 100&#xa0;g refrigerant charge, respectively.</p>

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Eco-optimized performance assessment of a VCR system using TiO2-Al2O3/R600a nano-refrigerants: an energy–exergy–environment–economy approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Md Jamil Akhtar,
  • S. P. S. Rajput,
  • Ankit Kumar

摘要

In this work, the steady-state prediction of energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) performance of selected mass charges of R600a (80 g, 100 g, and 120 g) refrigerant and varying concentrations of hybrid nano-lubricants (TiO2-Al2O3/MO) within a computerized vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) cycle test rig is investigated. The aim of this investigation is to investigate the effect of hybrid nano-lubricants (TiO2-Al2O3/MO) on various performance parameters such as coefficient of performance (COP), compressor power, second law efficiency (SLE), overall exergy destruction (ED), compressor’s pull-down time, total environmental warming impact (TEWI), and total operating cost rate. According to the results, the R600a-based test rig's compressor power, overall ED, and pull-down time are all reduced by around 17.92, 42.82, and 26.51%, respectively, compared to the baseline condition (i.e., 80 g R600a/pure MO). However, when compared to the baseline, the COP and SLE of the R600a-based test rig are about 32.96 and 21.94% higher, respectively. The reduction in cost rate and TEWI is observed. The environmental performance is improved by 3.66% compared to pure R600a/MO system. Overall, the performance of VCR cycle improved by utilizing hybrid nano-lubricants (TiO2-Al2O3/MO), with optimal condition achieved at 0.2 g L−1 concentration and 100 g refrigerant charge, respectively.