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<p>This study explores the thermal performance enhancement of a double-slope solar still (DSSS) though the integration of paraffin wax (PCM_56) and silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles as thermal energy storage media. Experimental investigations were conducted under thee distinct configurations: a conventional system without storage, a setup incorporating only PCM_56, and a hybrid configuration combining PCM_56 with SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The conventional system achieved a maximum distillate yield of 1.4&#xa0;kg&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup> with 36% thermal efficiency. The addition of PCM_56 increased the yield to 1.65&#xa0;kg&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup> and improved efficiency to 39%. The hybrid system demonstrated superior performance, delivering 1.9&#xa0;kg&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup> of distilled water with an efficiency of 45%, marking enhancements of 35.7% in yield and 25% in efficiency over the baseline. The use of nano-enhanced PCM also elevated the glass cover temperature to 86&#xa0;°C, prolonging the evaporation period beyond peak solar hours. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical optimization, identifying optimal operating conditions that produced a distillate yield of 4.13&#xa0;kg&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup> and efficiency of 18.4% under solar intensities between 2200 and 2600&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;h<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining phase-change materials with nanomaterials to significantly enhance solar still productivity, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to freshwater generation in solar desalination systems.</p>

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Thermal optimization of a double-slope solar still using nano-enhanced PCM: a response surface methodology approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Nedunchezhiyan Mukilarasan,
  • L. Karthikeyan,
  • B. Srimanickam,
  • P. Jothilakshmi,
  • S. Elakkiya,
  • Prajith Prabhakar,
  • N. Poyyamozhi

摘要

This study explores the thermal performance enhancement of a double-slope solar still (DSSS) though the integration of paraffin wax (PCM_56) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles as thermal energy storage media. Experimental investigations were conducted under thee distinct configurations: a conventional system without storage, a setup incorporating only PCM_56, and a hybrid configuration combining PCM_56 with SiO2 nanoparticles. The conventional system achieved a maximum distillate yield of 1.4 kg h−1 with 36% thermal efficiency. The addition of PCM_56 increased the yield to 1.65 kg h−1 and improved efficiency to 39%. The hybrid system demonstrated superior performance, delivering 1.9 kg h−1 of distilled water with an efficiency of 45%, marking enhancements of 35.7% in yield and 25% in efficiency over the baseline. The use of nano-enhanced PCM also elevated the glass cover temperature to 86 °C, prolonging the evaporation period beyond peak solar hours. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical optimization, identifying optimal operating conditions that produced a distillate yield of 4.13 kg h−1 and efficiency of 18.4% under solar intensities between 2200 and 2600 kJ h−1 m−2. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining phase-change materials with nanomaterials to significantly enhance solar still productivity, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to freshwater generation in solar desalination systems.