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<p>The capacity of nanoparticles to enhance a base fluid’s thermal conductivity is well established. However, a major challenge for engineers is the molecular interactions inside of flow, particularly the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles and its influence on the thermophysical properties. To accurately determine the thermal effects of nanoparticles at the nanoscale, it is essential to study their aggregation kinematics. Therefore, this study mainly aims to compare the thermal efficiency of Sutterby nanofluid containing aggregated and non-aggregated silver nanoparticles over a horizontal thin needle. Although silver nanoparticles have shown promise in biomedical applications, aggregation typically reduces their bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency rather than enhancing it. Additionally, the influence of heat sources/sinks and melting effects is taken into account. Moreover, response surface methodology is employed to optimize heat transfer rates using variance analysis of specific parameters by utilizing generated solutions. An increase in the melting parameter generally reduces the heat transfer rate because latent heat absorption during melting acts as a thermal buffer, lowering temperature gradients. Additionally, the heat transfer rate decreases with increasing needle thickness due to the higher conductive resistance and reduced surface area-to-volume ratio. The sensitivity analysis shows that the influence of the parameter <i>A</i> varies significantly across the design space, with its sensitivity magnitude changing by 34.68%. The heat transfer rate demonstrates significant sensitivity to the heat source parameter, attaining a minimized heat transfer rate by 17.86%. The findings provide substantial insights for the optimization of applicable thermal systems that involve the influence of heat source parameter and needle thickness on heat transfer, which may contribute to the advancement of more efficient hyperthermia therapy, cryosurgery, and localized drug delivery, like the heat-activated drug carrier to destroy specified tumor cells.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of heat transfer for aggregated silver nanoparticles in Sutterby fluid flow using an RSM-sensitivity approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Vasanth Suriya,
  • Padigepati Naveen

摘要

The capacity of nanoparticles to enhance a base fluid’s thermal conductivity is well established. However, a major challenge for engineers is the molecular interactions inside of flow, particularly the aggregation behavior of nanoparticles and its influence on the thermophysical properties. To accurately determine the thermal effects of nanoparticles at the nanoscale, it is essential to study their aggregation kinematics. Therefore, this study mainly aims to compare the thermal efficiency of Sutterby nanofluid containing aggregated and non-aggregated silver nanoparticles over a horizontal thin needle. Although silver nanoparticles have shown promise in biomedical applications, aggregation typically reduces their bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency rather than enhancing it. Additionally, the influence of heat sources/sinks and melting effects is taken into account. Moreover, response surface methodology is employed to optimize heat transfer rates using variance analysis of specific parameters by utilizing generated solutions. An increase in the melting parameter generally reduces the heat transfer rate because latent heat absorption during melting acts as a thermal buffer, lowering temperature gradients. Additionally, the heat transfer rate decreases with increasing needle thickness due to the higher conductive resistance and reduced surface area-to-volume ratio. The sensitivity analysis shows that the influence of the parameter A varies significantly across the design space, with its sensitivity magnitude changing by 34.68%. The heat transfer rate demonstrates significant sensitivity to the heat source parameter, attaining a minimized heat transfer rate by 17.86%. The findings provide substantial insights for the optimization of applicable thermal systems that involve the influence of heat source parameter and needle thickness on heat transfer, which may contribute to the advancement of more efficient hyperthermia therapy, cryosurgery, and localized drug delivery, like the heat-activated drug carrier to destroy specified tumor cells.

Graphical abstract