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<p>The high-speed motorized spindle is the fundamental component of computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools. During the working process, the components within the motorized spindle exhibit varying degrees of thermal elongation due to differing coefficients of thermal expansion, which in turn lead to the generation of thermal errors. Thermal error is a crucial determinant of the motorized spindle’s machining precision. With the continuous improvement of industrial automation levels and the increasing complexity of machining requirements, controlling thermal error has emerged as a critical focus in the study of motorized spindles. Unlike previous reviews, which typically focused solely on one aspect of thermal error control, this paper proposes a comprehensive and systematic review framework that integrates the analysis of three key technologies: motorized spindle cooling technology, thermal error compensation technology, and motorized spindle materials. This integrated approach offers a comprehensive perspective on thermal error control, highlighting the respective strengths and limitations of various technologies. Firstly, the cooling technology for the motorized spindle is categorized and analyzed. Secondly, the key steps of thermal error compensation technology are explored. The impact of various materials on the performance of motorized spindles is then discussed. The novelty of this review lies in its integration and comparative analysis of recent advances across these three domains, alongside a critical examination of their respective strengths, weaknesses, and applicability, thereby illuminating the combined impact of these diverse technologies. Finally, the analysis summarizes the shortcomings of thermal error control technology at this stage, outlines the outlook, and elaborates on the future research direction, offering theoretical guidance and technical assistance for the advancement of thermal error control technology in high-speed motorized spindles, thereby enhancing the precision machining capabilities of CNC machine tools.</p>

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Thermal error control technology for high-speed motorized spindles: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Yaonan Cheng,
  • Yongjian Cui,
  • Shenhua Jin,
  • Wenjie Zhai,
  • Xingwei Zhou

摘要

The high-speed motorized spindle is the fundamental component of computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools. During the working process, the components within the motorized spindle exhibit varying degrees of thermal elongation due to differing coefficients of thermal expansion, which in turn lead to the generation of thermal errors. Thermal error is a crucial determinant of the motorized spindle’s machining precision. With the continuous improvement of industrial automation levels and the increasing complexity of machining requirements, controlling thermal error has emerged as a critical focus in the study of motorized spindles. Unlike previous reviews, which typically focused solely on one aspect of thermal error control, this paper proposes a comprehensive and systematic review framework that integrates the analysis of three key technologies: motorized spindle cooling technology, thermal error compensation technology, and motorized spindle materials. This integrated approach offers a comprehensive perspective on thermal error control, highlighting the respective strengths and limitations of various technologies. Firstly, the cooling technology for the motorized spindle is categorized and analyzed. Secondly, the key steps of thermal error compensation technology are explored. The impact of various materials on the performance of motorized spindles is then discussed. The novelty of this review lies in its integration and comparative analysis of recent advances across these three domains, alongside a critical examination of their respective strengths, weaknesses, and applicability, thereby illuminating the combined impact of these diverse technologies. Finally, the analysis summarizes the shortcomings of thermal error control technology at this stage, outlines the outlook, and elaborates on the future research direction, offering theoretical guidance and technical assistance for the advancement of thermal error control technology in high-speed motorized spindles, thereby enhancing the precision machining capabilities of CNC machine tools.