Numerical analysis and optimization design of lithium-ion battery dual-channel liquid cooling plate based on bionics
摘要
Drawing on biomimetic principles, this study designs a bionic dragonfly-inspired liquid cooling plate by incorporating dragonfly wing vein patterns into the flow-channel layout to reduce the pump power of the battery thermal management system (BTMS). First, the influence of the cooling plate’s installation positions on the thermal performance of the battery module is analyzed, and the dual-sided counter-flow liquid cooling system developed in this work delivers superior heat dissipation. Subsequently, single-factor experiments, orthogonal experiments, and comparative experiments are conducted for the bionic flow-channel structure. The single-factor experiments determine the effects of structural and operating parameters—including flow-channel width (W, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm) and height (H, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 mm), coolant flow rate (v, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 ms−1), and coolant temperature (T, 19, 21, 23, 25, and 27 °C)—on the maximum temperature, maximum temperature difference, and pressure drop. Orthogonal experiments are then employed to identify the optimal parameter combination under multi-factor working conditions. Finally, comparative experiments evaluate the performance of the bionic flow-channel design relative to a conventional serpentine channel. The results show that, under comparable heat dissipation performance, the bionic design achieves 88%, 92%, and 91% pressure drop reductions for the v3W3H3T1 (v = 0.3, W = 7, H = 7, T = 19), v3W3H1T1 (v = 0.3, W = 7, H = 3, T = 19), and v1W3H3T1 (v = 0.1, W = 7, H = 3, T = 19) configurations (units consistent with the above parameter definitions), respectively. The proposed biomimetic design approach helps reduce BTMS energy consumption and thereby enhances the driving range of electric vehicles.