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<p>The smoke mass flow rate (MFR) is a fundamental parameter for determining the design exhaust smoke&#xa0;volume in fires. In this study, the influence of the&#xa0;sidewall restriction on smoke MFR of double-fire scenarios in long-narrow spaces was systematically studied. Two typical fire scenarios, namely the center fire and the wall fire, were studied with particular emphasis. Additionally, three heat release rates (HRRs) and six dimensionless separation distances (<i>S/D</i>) were also considered. The results show that for a given <i>S/D</i>, smoke MFR increases with HRR due to enhanced plume entrainment, while the&#xa0;wall fire configurations consistently produce lower smoke MFR values compared to the&#xa0;center fire under equivalent cases. By analyzing smoke MFR evolution characteristics, a novel stepwise coupling model was developed to establish the functional relationship between dimensionless MFR, fire separation distance, and HRR for both fire scenarios. A prediction model of smoke MFR during the one-dimensional spread stage was also proposed. The results could provide valuable engineering insights for optimizing smoke management systems and enhancing emergency preparedness in long-narrow spaces.</p>

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Influence of sidewall restriction on smoke mass flow rate of double fires in a long-narrow space

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Shengzhong Zhao,
  • Mengzhen Liu,
  • Kai Du,
  • Jian Li,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Lin Xu

摘要

The smoke mass flow rate (MFR) is a fundamental parameter for determining the design exhaust smoke volume in fires. In this study, the influence of the sidewall restriction on smoke MFR of double-fire scenarios in long-narrow spaces was systematically studied. Two typical fire scenarios, namely the center fire and the wall fire, were studied with particular emphasis. Additionally, three heat release rates (HRRs) and six dimensionless separation distances (S/D) were also considered. The results show that for a given S/D, smoke MFR increases with HRR due to enhanced plume entrainment, while the wall fire configurations consistently produce lower smoke MFR values compared to the center fire under equivalent cases. By analyzing smoke MFR evolution characteristics, a novel stepwise coupling model was developed to establish the functional relationship between dimensionless MFR, fire separation distance, and HRR for both fire scenarios. A prediction model of smoke MFR during the one-dimensional spread stage was also proposed. The results could provide valuable engineering insights for optimizing smoke management systems and enhancing emergency preparedness in long-narrow spaces.