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<p>The present study uses carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based non-Newtonian fluid to investigate the friction factor, heat transfer, and thermal performance factor (TPF) for a shell and helical tube heat exchanger (SHTHE) with helical inserts. Three distinct concentrations of CMC (0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) were added to distilled water. They were made to flow inside the helical tube at different flow rates with three helical inserts of different pitch. The analysis showed that as the CMC concentration and pitch of the helical insert increases the heat transfer rate decreases. The highest Nusselt number was obtained with 2&#xa0;mm pitch helical inserts at a concentration of 0.2% (by mass) CMC-based non-Newtonian fluid, while the lowest was observed with 6&#xa0;mm pitch helical inserts at a 0.4% (by mass) CMC concentration. Furthermore, the friction factors increased with increasing CMC concentration and decreasing the pitch of the helical insert. Nearly, all combinations exhibited a thermal performance factor (TPF) greater than unity. The results showed a maximum TPF value of 1.29 for 2&#xa0;mm pitch helical inserts with a 0.2% (by mass) concentration of CMC-based non-Newtonian fluid, confirming that employing inserts to the system is beneficial, despite resulting in increased pressure drop.</p>

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Experimental study on CMC-based non-Newtonian fluids for thermo-hydraulic performance of shell and helical tube heat exchanger equipped with helical inserts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Ayush Painuly,
  • Shivam,
  • Priti Kumari,
  • Prabhakar Zainith,
  • Niraj Kumar Mishra,
  • Deepak Kumar,
  • Ranjan Das

摘要

The present study uses carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based non-Newtonian fluid to investigate the friction factor, heat transfer, and thermal performance factor (TPF) for a shell and helical tube heat exchanger (SHTHE) with helical inserts. Three distinct concentrations of CMC (0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) were added to distilled water. They were made to flow inside the helical tube at different flow rates with three helical inserts of different pitch. The analysis showed that as the CMC concentration and pitch of the helical insert increases the heat transfer rate decreases. The highest Nusselt number was obtained with 2 mm pitch helical inserts at a concentration of 0.2% (by mass) CMC-based non-Newtonian fluid, while the lowest was observed with 6 mm pitch helical inserts at a 0.4% (by mass) CMC concentration. Furthermore, the friction factors increased with increasing CMC concentration and decreasing the pitch of the helical insert. Nearly, all combinations exhibited a thermal performance factor (TPF) greater than unity. The results showed a maximum TPF value of 1.29 for 2 mm pitch helical inserts with a 0.2% (by mass) concentration of CMC-based non-Newtonian fluid, confirming that employing inserts to the system is beneficial, despite resulting in increased pressure drop.