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<p>This paper presents experimental investigations on fire characteristics of mineral transformer oil (MTO) by utilizing advanced analytical techniques such as gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometer (GC-HRMS), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), static Fourier transform infrared (S-FTIR) spectrometer, Cone calorimeter with Fourier transform infrared (CC-FTIR) analyzer. GC-HRMS identified the paraffin-based hydrocarbons ranging from C<sub>9</sub> to C<sub>54</sub>, TGA revealed a single-step decomposition with a peak mass loss rate of 2.41% °C<sup>−1</sup> at 276&#xa0;°C, S-FTIR provided insights into MTO’s molecular structure with spectral peaks corresponding to methyl and methylene groups. Moreover, CC-FTIR analysis showed that the time to ignition (TTI) of MTO decreased significantly with increasing external heat radiation flux (EHRF) from 735&#xa0;s at 10&#xa0;kW m<sup>−2</sup> to 15&#xa0;s at 80&#xa0;kW m<sup>−2</sup> signifying the faster ignition at higher heat fluxes in order to observe the fire safety assessment and oil performance evaluation in hazardous environments. Heat release rate (HRR) increased sharply with EHRF particularly at 60–80&#xa0;kW m<sup>−2</sup> showing higher fire intensity. Fire growth index (FGI) and fire performance index (FPI) values indicated a more rapid-fire escalation with higher EHRF. Further, thermal inertia (TI) value of MTO was found to be 0.1936 kJ<sup>2</sup> m<sup>−2</sup>K<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> experimentally, suggesting rapid temperature rise and fire spread Thus, the present experimental investigations predicted the key characteristics of the MTO which leads to fire hazards and this research work serves as a basis for the development of safety considerations &amp; operational standards in energy sector.</p>

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Experimental investigations on fire characteristics of mineral transformer oil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • N. Aravindan,
  • S. Sriniviasa Rao,
  • N. Gouthamkumar

摘要

This paper presents experimental investigations on fire characteristics of mineral transformer oil (MTO) by utilizing advanced analytical techniques such as gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometer (GC-HRMS), thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), static Fourier transform infrared (S-FTIR) spectrometer, Cone calorimeter with Fourier transform infrared (CC-FTIR) analyzer. GC-HRMS identified the paraffin-based hydrocarbons ranging from C9 to C54, TGA revealed a single-step decomposition with a peak mass loss rate of 2.41% °C−1 at 276 °C, S-FTIR provided insights into MTO’s molecular structure with spectral peaks corresponding to methyl and methylene groups. Moreover, CC-FTIR analysis showed that the time to ignition (TTI) of MTO decreased significantly with increasing external heat radiation flux (EHRF) from 735 s at 10 kW m−2 to 15 s at 80 kW m−2 signifying the faster ignition at higher heat fluxes in order to observe the fire safety assessment and oil performance evaluation in hazardous environments. Heat release rate (HRR) increased sharply with EHRF particularly at 60–80 kW m−2 showing higher fire intensity. Fire growth index (FGI) and fire performance index (FPI) values indicated a more rapid-fire escalation with higher EHRF. Further, thermal inertia (TI) value of MTO was found to be 0.1936 kJ2 m−2K−2 s−1 experimentally, suggesting rapid temperature rise and fire spread Thus, the present experimental investigations predicted the key characteristics of the MTO which leads to fire hazards and this research work serves as a basis for the development of safety considerations & operational standards in energy sector.