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<p>Thermosensitive microcapsules (TM) fire extinguishing agents are popular and widely application due to unique characteristics, such as self-excitation, low cost, environmental protection, and small size. TM fire extinguishing agent with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin as wall material, perfluorohexanone(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>12</sub>O), 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene(2-BTP), and heptafluorocyclopentane (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>F<sub>7</sub>) composite as core material was prepared by in situ polymerization method in this work, which to meet the fire prevention and control needs in special places. The vital process parameters, including emulsifier type, stirring rate, emulsification time, pre-polymer dropwise addition method, and core–shell ratio were systematically optimized. It was determined that the selection of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as the emulsifier with a stirring rate of 2000&#xa0;r min<sup>−1</sup> at an emulsification time of 20&#xa0;min and a core–shell ratio of 1:1 under dropwise addition of the pre-polymer, resulted in the preparation of TM with regular morphology and high encapsulation efficiency. Multitemperature release profiling revealed that the TM fire suppressants prepared via in situ polymerization could not conform to a singular release kinetic model. Their desorption behavior demonstrates a non-steady-state kinetic mechanism requiring synergistic interpretation through multiple mass transfer models. Thermal-responsive analysis from 30.0 to 120.0&#xa0;°C exhibited pronounced temperature-dependent cumulative release of core materials, escalating from an initial 4.39–98.93%. This innovative system overcomes the limitations of single-component agents by leveraging the complementary functionalities of its ternary core, which enables autonomous TR suppression without external systems. The TM design itself provides a transformative safety solution for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by integrating precise thermal responsiveness, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, paving the way for enhanced safety.</p>

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Preparation and release dynamics of perfluorohexanone thermosensitive microcapsules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Feifei Liu,
  • Zujin Bai,
  • Pei Zhang,
  • Yumeng Liu,
  • Bin Chen,
  • Jiaxin Gao

摘要

Thermosensitive microcapsules (TM) fire extinguishing agents are popular and widely application due to unique characteristics, such as self-excitation, low cost, environmental protection, and small size. TM fire extinguishing agent with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resin as wall material, perfluorohexanone(C6F12O), 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene(2-BTP), and heptafluorocyclopentane (C5H3F7) composite as core material was prepared by in situ polymerization method in this work, which to meet the fire prevention and control needs in special places. The vital process parameters, including emulsifier type, stirring rate, emulsification time, pre-polymer dropwise addition method, and core–shell ratio were systematically optimized. It was determined that the selection of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate as the emulsifier with a stirring rate of 2000 r min−1 at an emulsification time of 20 min and a core–shell ratio of 1:1 under dropwise addition of the pre-polymer, resulted in the preparation of TM with regular morphology and high encapsulation efficiency. Multitemperature release profiling revealed that the TM fire suppressants prepared via in situ polymerization could not conform to a singular release kinetic model. Their desorption behavior demonstrates a non-steady-state kinetic mechanism requiring synergistic interpretation through multiple mass transfer models. Thermal-responsive analysis from 30.0 to 120.0 °C exhibited pronounced temperature-dependent cumulative release of core materials, escalating from an initial 4.39–98.93%. This innovative system overcomes the limitations of single-component agents by leveraging the complementary functionalities of its ternary core, which enables autonomous TR suppression without external systems. The TM design itself provides a transformative safety solution for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by integrating precise thermal responsiveness, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, paving the way for enhanced safety.