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<p>This study investigates the influence of external parameters on thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in a prismatic LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery module using a coupled electro-thermal abuse model combined with statistical multi-parameter analysis. Four key factors—insulation thickness, trigger cell position, convective heat transfer coefficient, and internal short-circuit (ISC) location, were analyzed through a Taguchi L9 orthogonal design and gray relational analysis (GRA). Results revealed that insulation thickness had the strongest effect on delaying TRP, increasing the thermal runaway (TR) delay by up to 145&#xa0;s when increased from 0.5&#xa0;mm to 1.5&#xa0;mm. The trigger cell position also played a dominant role, delaying TR initiation by 120–138&#xa0;s when shifted from a central to boundary location. The internal short-circuit position influenced TR severity, with a bottom-edge ISC initiating TR 37&#xa0;s earlier than a central ISC. In contrast, increasing the natural convection coefficient from 10 to 20 Wm<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;K<sup>−1</sup> produced only a marginal TR delay of 1–3&#xa0;s. GRA-ANOVA confirmed the parameter influence ranking as insulation thickness as the dominant factor, followed by trigger cell position and ISC location, while heat transfer coefficient ranked lowest. The findings enable the identification of the dominant factor controlling the delay of thermal runaway propagation, thereby providing strategies for enhanced battery safety.</p>

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Analysis of the influencing parameter on the thermal runaway propagation in prismatic battery: A numerical and statistical approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Ajay Vishwakarma,
  • Uttam Rana

摘要

This study investigates the influence of external parameters on thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in a prismatic LiFePO₄ (LFP) battery module using a coupled electro-thermal abuse model combined with statistical multi-parameter analysis. Four key factors—insulation thickness, trigger cell position, convective heat transfer coefficient, and internal short-circuit (ISC) location, were analyzed through a Taguchi L9 orthogonal design and gray relational analysis (GRA). Results revealed that insulation thickness had the strongest effect on delaying TRP, increasing the thermal runaway (TR) delay by up to 145 s when increased from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The trigger cell position also played a dominant role, delaying TR initiation by 120–138 s when shifted from a central to boundary location. The internal short-circuit position influenced TR severity, with a bottom-edge ISC initiating TR 37 s earlier than a central ISC. In contrast, increasing the natural convection coefficient from 10 to 20 Wm−2 K−1 produced only a marginal TR delay of 1–3 s. GRA-ANOVA confirmed the parameter influence ranking as insulation thickness as the dominant factor, followed by trigger cell position and ISC location, while heat transfer coefficient ranked lowest. The findings enable the identification of the dominant factor controlling the delay of thermal runaway propagation, thereby providing strategies for enhanced battery safety.