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<p>The steady and incompressible two-dimensional flow of a hybrid nanofluid across a porous stretchable sheet is numerically analyzed in this study. To create a hybrid combination, copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles are merged in water, which is regarded as the host fluid. The effects of suction, magnetic fields, porous media, thermophoresis, chemical reactions, Brownian motion, and activation energy have used in this work. Additionally, the molar concentration, velocity, and thermal slip constraints are used in this study. PDEs are used to illustrate the mathematical model, and with the use of suitable similarity variables, they are transformed into ODEs. After that, the transformed ODEs are numerically solved and verified using those reference studies. The velocity profile was observed to decrease with the increasing solid volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles, as well as with higher magnetic, velocity slip, and porosity factors. Skin friction increased with the influence of porosity, magnetic, and suction factors, but decreased with the velocity slip factor. The temperature slip factor led to a reduction in the temperature profile, while higher solid volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles, along with Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and magnetic factors, expressively enhanced it. The rate of heat transfer increased with radiation, Eckert number, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects, but decreased with the thermal slip factor. Furthermore, Brownian motion and the concentration slip factor reduced the mass transfer rate, whereas the Schmidt number, thermophoresis, and chemical reaction factors amplified it.</p>

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A numerical analysis of the water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface under the influence of cattaneo–christov heat and mass flux model and multiple slip conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Mounirah Areshi,
  • Fahad Maqbul Alamrani,
  • Rabab Alzahrani,
  • Zehba Raizah,
  • Humaira Yasmin

摘要

The steady and incompressible two-dimensional flow of a hybrid nanofluid across a porous stretchable sheet is numerically analyzed in this study. To create a hybrid combination, copper (Cu) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles are merged in water, which is regarded as the host fluid. The effects of suction, magnetic fields, porous media, thermophoresis, chemical reactions, Brownian motion, and activation energy have used in this work. Additionally, the molar concentration, velocity, and thermal slip constraints are used in this study. PDEs are used to illustrate the mathematical model, and with the use of suitable similarity variables, they are transformed into ODEs. After that, the transformed ODEs are numerically solved and verified using those reference studies. The velocity profile was observed to decrease with the increasing solid volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles, as well as with higher magnetic, velocity slip, and porosity factors. Skin friction increased with the influence of porosity, magnetic, and suction factors, but decreased with the velocity slip factor. The temperature slip factor led to a reduction in the temperature profile, while higher solid volume fractions of copper and alumina nanoparticles, along with Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and magnetic factors, expressively enhanced it. The rate of heat transfer increased with radiation, Eckert number, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects, but decreased with the thermal slip factor. Furthermore, Brownian motion and the concentration slip factor reduced the mass transfer rate, whereas the Schmidt number, thermophoresis, and chemical reaction factors amplified it.