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<p>This review presents a critical discussion of nanofluid application in pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), which is a gap in the literature of thermal management research. It also provides a unique structure of the literature and presents a comparative evaluation of mono-nanofluids (e.g., Cu, Ag, graphene) and hybrid nanofluids, which was not fully done in previous reviews. The integrated results indicate that nanofluids significantly increase PHP efficiency, and the improvements obtained are measurable in the form of heat transfer enhancement rates of up to 69.7, thermal resistance reduction rates of 34–57 and reduction of the startup time to up to 58. More importantly, hybrid nanofluids are depicted to possess better thermophysical characteristics and performance as compared to their mono-type counterparts in different conditions due to the effects of synergies. The research also encapsulates key issues, including, the stability and economic feasibility of nanoparticles, and translates the same to a strategic plan of future endeavors. The roadmap focuses on the research on new nanomaterials, improved methods of dispersion and application-oriented optimization to fill the gap between the laboratory potential and application of nanofluid-charged PHPs to high-need sectors, such as electronics cooling and electric vehicle batteries thermal management.</p>

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A comprehensive review on the use of nanofluids to increase the efficiency of pulsating heat pipe

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Farhan Lafta Rashid,
  • Zainab Abdul Karim Alkhekany,
  • Hayder I. Mohammed,
  • Ahmed A. Alammar,
  • Ahmed Ameen Ali,
  • Saif Ali Kadhim,
  • Atef Chibani,
  • Salem J. Alhamd,
  • Shabbir Ahmad,
  • Mohamed Kezzar

摘要

This review presents a critical discussion of nanofluid application in pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), which is a gap in the literature of thermal management research. It also provides a unique structure of the literature and presents a comparative evaluation of mono-nanofluids (e.g., Cu, Ag, graphene) and hybrid nanofluids, which was not fully done in previous reviews. The integrated results indicate that nanofluids significantly increase PHP efficiency, and the improvements obtained are measurable in the form of heat transfer enhancement rates of up to 69.7, thermal resistance reduction rates of 34–57 and reduction of the startup time to up to 58. More importantly, hybrid nanofluids are depicted to possess better thermophysical characteristics and performance as compared to their mono-type counterparts in different conditions due to the effects of synergies. The research also encapsulates key issues, including, the stability and economic feasibility of nanoparticles, and translates the same to a strategic plan of future endeavors. The roadmap focuses on the research on new nanomaterials, improved methods of dispersion and application-oriented optimization to fill the gap between the laboratory potential and application of nanofluid-charged PHPs to high-need sectors, such as electronics cooling and electric vehicle batteries thermal management.