Analysis of the thermal conductivity of blood enhanced with nanoparticles and hybrid nanoparticles
摘要
The heat transfer enhancement in the fluids is a growing research focus due to its wide-ranging applications in multiple industries. This enhancement is significant for tracking metabolic rates and assessing recovery for patients who are ill or injured. Ongoing temperature monitoring offers critical insights that can inform daily activities, healthcare practices, and environmental assessments. The addition of nanoparticles in the base fluids greatly improves their thermal characteristics. In this work, we consider blood, a base fluid, with the incorporation of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluid to analyze its heat transfer characteristics. We investigated the heat transfer in nanofluids flow with comparative analysis, specifically of silver–blood, iron oxide–blood, and a hybrid silver–iron oxide–blood nanofluids. The flow of nanofluids is considered past a stretchable sheet having suction/injection effect and with the magnetic field applied normal to the horizontal axis. The flow problem is formulated as a system of governing partial differential equations (PDEs). By employing suitable dimensionless variables, we converted these PDEs to dimensionless representations. The finite difference scheme is implemented to solve the resulting dimensionless PDEs computationally. The outcomes are analyzed and illustrated graphically and in tables, representing the effects of flow parameters, including Reynolds number, Hartman number, nanoparticle shapes, nanoparticle fraction, and suction/injection on the skin friction, velocity, Nusselt number, and temperature.