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<p>The adoption of biodiesel represents a significant step towards achieving sustainable energy transitions. This study presents an experimental investigation focused on the mathematical modelling and performance outcomes of a diesel engine operating with biodiesel derived from two feedstocks: Karanja oil and linseed oil. The research explores the effects of varying biodiesel blends on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines, with an additional assessment of the sustainability of these blends based on energy and exergy parameters. The experimental setup involved testing blends of Karanja and linseed biodiesel, in volume fractions ranging from 0 to 20%, combined with a constant 80% pure diesel fuel. Results indicated that the K0L20D80 blend exhibited combustion characteristics closest to pure diesel, achieving maximum cylinder pressure, CHR, and ROHR comparable to diesel. Emission analysis revealed reduced hydrocarbon (HC) emissions for all biodiesel blends, with K0L20D80 showing the lowest levels (18.6&#xa0;ppm). However, biodiesel blends produced higher NO emissions, with K0L20D80 recording the highest value (466&#xa0;ppm). Energy and exergy analyses demonstrated a marginal decrease in efficiencies with increasing biodiesel content, reflecting the lower calorific value of biodiesel. Sustainability analysis showed a declining trend in the sustainability index (SI) for biodiesel blends, with K20L0D80 exhibiting the lowest SI (1.377) compared to pure diesel (1.472). The findings highlight the potential of biodiesel blends—particularly the K0L20D80 blend—as promising alternatives to conventional diesel, offering a balance between performance, emissions, and sustainability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Thermal and environmental assessment of a diesel engine fuelled with karanja and linseed biodiesel: energy, exergy, emission, and sustainability analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Aman Singh Rajpoot,
  • Brahma Nand Agarwal,
  • Anoop Kumar Shukla,
  • Tushar Choudhary,
  • Harveer Singh Pali

摘要

The adoption of biodiesel represents a significant step towards achieving sustainable energy transitions. This study presents an experimental investigation focused on the mathematical modelling and performance outcomes of a diesel engine operating with biodiesel derived from two feedstocks: Karanja oil and linseed oil. The research explores the effects of varying biodiesel blends on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engines, with an additional assessment of the sustainability of these blends based on energy and exergy parameters. The experimental setup involved testing blends of Karanja and linseed biodiesel, in volume fractions ranging from 0 to 20%, combined with a constant 80% pure diesel fuel. Results indicated that the K0L20D80 blend exhibited combustion characteristics closest to pure diesel, achieving maximum cylinder pressure, CHR, and ROHR comparable to diesel. Emission analysis revealed reduced hydrocarbon (HC) emissions for all biodiesel blends, with K0L20D80 showing the lowest levels (18.6 ppm). However, biodiesel blends produced higher NO emissions, with K0L20D80 recording the highest value (466 ppm). Energy and exergy analyses demonstrated a marginal decrease in efficiencies with increasing biodiesel content, reflecting the lower calorific value of biodiesel. Sustainability analysis showed a declining trend in the sustainability index (SI) for biodiesel blends, with K20L0D80 exhibiting the lowest SI (1.377) compared to pure diesel (1.472). The findings highlight the potential of biodiesel blends—particularly the K0L20D80 blend—as promising alternatives to conventional diesel, offering a balance between performance, emissions, and sustainability.

Graphical Abstract