Scholarlink

<p>Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based nanofluids (NFs) have emerged as promising heat transfer media due to their superior thermal conductivity and unique magnetic properties, enabling dynamic control of heat transfer under external magnetic fields. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the key factors influencing the thermal conductivity of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NFs, including base fluid characteristics, nanoparticle size, shape, concentration, and temperature effects. The synergistic enhancements observed in hybrid NFs, which integrate multiple nanoparticle types, are also discussed. A major focus is placed on the role of magnetic fields in modulating thermal conductivity, examining the impact of field strength, orientation, and direction on nanoparticle alignment and heat transfer pathways. Stability challenges, including nanoparticle agglomeration and sedimentation, are critically assessed, alongside advanced stabilization techniques such as surface modification, surfactant-assisted dispersion, and ultrasonication. Furthermore, various predictive models, ranging from classical and modified theoretical approaches to artificial intelligence-based frameworks, are reviewed to provide insights into the complex thermal behavior of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NFs. By integrating experimental findings, theoretical advancements, and practical considerations, this review offers a structured perspective on optimizing Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based NFs for high-performance applications in aerospace, microelectronics, renewable energy, and industrial cooling systems. The insights presented serve as a foundation for future research aimed at developing more stable, efficient, and scalable NF formulations for next-generation thermal management technologies.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Enhancing thermal conductivity in Fe3O4 and hybrid nanofluids: mechanisms and optimization strategies under magnetic fields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月9日

查看全文
  • Sonia Chalia,
  • Manish Naagar,
  • Fayu Wan,
  • Preeti Thakur,
  • Atul Thakur

摘要

Fe3O4-based nanofluids (NFs) have emerged as promising heat transfer media due to their superior thermal conductivity and unique magnetic properties, enabling dynamic control of heat transfer under external magnetic fields. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the key factors influencing the thermal conductivity of Fe3O4 NFs, including base fluid characteristics, nanoparticle size, shape, concentration, and temperature effects. The synergistic enhancements observed in hybrid NFs, which integrate multiple nanoparticle types, are also discussed. A major focus is placed on the role of magnetic fields in modulating thermal conductivity, examining the impact of field strength, orientation, and direction on nanoparticle alignment and heat transfer pathways. Stability challenges, including nanoparticle agglomeration and sedimentation, are critically assessed, alongside advanced stabilization techniques such as surface modification, surfactant-assisted dispersion, and ultrasonication. Furthermore, various predictive models, ranging from classical and modified theoretical approaches to artificial intelligence-based frameworks, are reviewed to provide insights into the complex thermal behavior of Fe3O4 NFs. By integrating experimental findings, theoretical advancements, and practical considerations, this review offers a structured perspective on optimizing Fe3O4-based NFs for high-performance applications in aerospace, microelectronics, renewable energy, and industrial cooling systems. The insights presented serve as a foundation for future research aimed at developing more stable, efficient, and scalable NF formulations for next-generation thermal management technologies.