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<p>Guided by constructal theory, this paper employs two cylinder heat source (CHS) models—one with a constant and the another with a variable cross section—to investigate heat transfer under forced convection. With performance indicator of minimizing dimensionless maximum thermal resistance (MTR), constructal design is carried out. Following this, a systematic investigation is conducted into the influences of cylinder height, thermal conductivity ratio, and geometry on the best configurations of the CHSs. A key finding for the constant cross-section CHS model is that the dimensionless MTR for any given height can be minimized by designing both its position and radius ratio. A clear decreasing trend is observed in the minimum dimensionless MTR with an increase in the height of the constant cross-section CHS. An increase in ratio of thermal conductivity is associated with enhanced heat transfer performance; however, this enhancement exhibits a point of saturation, beyond which further increases yield diminishing returns. Another key finding is that the inverted variable cross-section CHS attains a minimized MTR at a universal optimum radius ratio of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f_{\text{opt}} = 0.476\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mtext>opt</mtext> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.476</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which is effective for all heights. The best configuration yields, for instance, a significant 25.8% reduction in MTR at <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tilde{H} = 0.7\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mover accent="true"> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">~</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.7</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> compared to the constant cross-section model.</p>

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Constructal cylinder heat source aiming at minimum hotspot temperature under forced convection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Lingen Chen,
  • Wenlong Zhang,
  • Shuwen Gong,
  • Huijun Feng,
  • Yanlin Ge

摘要

Guided by constructal theory, this paper employs two cylinder heat source (CHS) models—one with a constant and the another with a variable cross section—to investigate heat transfer under forced convection. With performance indicator of minimizing dimensionless maximum thermal resistance (MTR), constructal design is carried out. Following this, a systematic investigation is conducted into the influences of cylinder height, thermal conductivity ratio, and geometry on the best configurations of the CHSs. A key finding for the constant cross-section CHS model is that the dimensionless MTR for any given height can be minimized by designing both its position and radius ratio. A clear decreasing trend is observed in the minimum dimensionless MTR with an increase in the height of the constant cross-section CHS. An increase in ratio of thermal conductivity is associated with enhanced heat transfer performance; however, this enhancement exhibits a point of saturation, beyond which further increases yield diminishing returns. Another key finding is that the inverted variable cross-section CHS attains a minimized MTR at a universal optimum radius ratio of \(f_{\text{opt}} = 0.476\) f opt = 0.476 , which is effective for all heights. The best configuration yields, for instance, a significant 25.8% reduction in MTR at \(\tilde{H} = 0.7\) H ~ = 0.7 compared to the constant cross-section model.