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<p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the circadian rhythm of core, peripheral, thermographic, and muscle temperatures during 38&#xa0;h of sleep deprivation. The study included 14 male university students. The core (Tc), peripheral skin temperature (Tsk), infrared thermographic skin (IR-Tsk), and muscle (Tm) temperatures were measured at 3-h intervals during 38&#xa0;h of sleep deprivation using a rectal probe inserted 12&#xa0;cm beyond the anal sphincter, an infrared thermometer on the skin surface, an infrared thermographic camera on the skin surface, and neoprene disks attached to the skin of the upper and lower limbs (iDISK), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using Cosinor. The results revealed the presence of a 24-h circadian rhythm in Tc (acrophase: 16:39, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), Tsk (19:32, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), IR-Tsk (22:04, <i>p</i> = 0.04), Tm-VL (18:48, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), Tm-TB (21:20, <i>p</i> = 0.01), and Tm-TR (20:16, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Interdaily analysis showed that during sleep deprivation, there was a significant phase advance in Tc (21:54 → 19:17, <i>p</i> = 0.02), Tsk (21:54 → 16:48, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and IR-Tsk (01:19 → 16:54, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Among muscle temperatures, a phase advance was observed in the Tm-TB (18:50 → 01:07, <i>p</i> = 0.01), whereas the Tm-TR (20:34 → 20:12, <i>p</i> = 0.99) showed no significant change, and Tm-VL remained similar (16:85 → 16:20, <i>p</i> = 0.38). We concluded that body temperatures exhibited a circadian rhythm of 24&#xa0;h and that there was an advance in acrophase during sleep deprivation. Based on Tm and IR-Tsk measurements, it is possible to design strategies for inducing sleepiness or maintaining alertness in different situations.</p>

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Muscle and thermographic skin temperatures during sleep deprivation: non-invasive and viable methods to estimate the core and skin temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Fernanda Veruska Narciso,
  • Ana Amélia Benedito-Silva,
  • Carlos Magno Amaral Costa,
  • Diego de Alcântara Borba,
  • Valdênio Martins Brant,
  • Samuel Penna Warnner,
  • Andressa Silva,
  • Marco Túlio de Mello

摘要

The aim of the present study was to investigate the circadian rhythm of core, peripheral, thermographic, and muscle temperatures during 38 h of sleep deprivation. The study included 14 male university students. The core (Tc), peripheral skin temperature (Tsk), infrared thermographic skin (IR-Tsk), and muscle (Tm) temperatures were measured at 3-h intervals during 38 h of sleep deprivation using a rectal probe inserted 12 cm beyond the anal sphincter, an infrared thermometer on the skin surface, an infrared thermographic camera on the skin surface, and neoprene disks attached to the skin of the upper and lower limbs (iDISK), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using Cosinor. The results revealed the presence of a 24-h circadian rhythm in Tc (acrophase: 16:39, p < 0.01), Tsk (19:32, p < 0.01), IR-Tsk (22:04, p = 0.04), Tm-VL (18:48, p < 0.01), Tm-TB (21:20, p = 0.01), and Tm-TR (20:16, p = 0.01). Interdaily analysis showed that during sleep deprivation, there was a significant phase advance in Tc (21:54 → 19:17, p = 0.02), Tsk (21:54 → 16:48, p = 0.02), and IR-Tsk (01:19 → 16:54, p < 0.01). Among muscle temperatures, a phase advance was observed in the Tm-TB (18:50 → 01:07, p = 0.01), whereas the Tm-TR (20:34 → 20:12, p = 0.99) showed no significant change, and Tm-VL remained similar (16:85 → 16:20, p = 0.38). We concluded that body temperatures exhibited a circadian rhythm of 24 h and that there was an advance in acrophase during sleep deprivation. Based on Tm and IR-Tsk measurements, it is possible to design strategies for inducing sleepiness or maintaining alertness in different situations.