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<p>The research considers the physical attributes of heat and mass transfer mechanisms in bioconvection flow of Williamson nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects. Bioconvection arises as self-propelled microorganisms collapse together, causing flow patterns in nanofluids. The importance of convection can be demonstrated in numerous microbiological techniques, such as biotechnological and biological sensors linked to improved mixture and mass transport. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with similarity transformations. Furthermore, the optimization of the heat transport and motile density number is performed for effective variables (Lewis number, Brownian motion, and thermophoretic number) utilizing response surface methodology. The importance of non-dimensional, thermal, microorganisms, friction drag, concentration, motile density number, mass transport, velocity, and heat transport profile is discussed graphically. The impact of the velocity profile demonstrates that as the porosity number is escalated, the velocity declines continually. For growing thermophoretic parameter, there is a rise in thermal as well as the temperature layer. The solutal of the nanoparticle in the boundary layer is enhanced as the value of the chemical reaction parameter increases. The thermal transport is more sensitive to Brownian motion and thermophoretic number than the Lewis number. Also, the motile density number is more sensitive to the Lewis number and Brownian motion.</p>

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Modeling and multi-objective optimization of bioconvection heat transfer in Williamson nanofluids with chemical reactions using response surface methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月7日

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  • M. Israr Ur Rehman,
  • Aamir Hamid,
  • Vladimir Simic,
  • Yu Liang,
  • Haitao Qi,
  • Dragan Pamucar

摘要

The research considers the physical attributes of heat and mass transfer mechanisms in bioconvection flow of Williamson nanofluid with nonlinear thermal radiation and chemical reaction effects. Bioconvection arises as self-propelled microorganisms collapse together, causing flow patterns in nanofluids. The importance of convection can be demonstrated in numerous microbiological techniques, such as biotechnological and biological sensors linked to improved mixture and mass transport. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with similarity transformations. Furthermore, the optimization of the heat transport and motile density number is performed for effective variables (Lewis number, Brownian motion, and thermophoretic number) utilizing response surface methodology. The importance of non-dimensional, thermal, microorganisms, friction drag, concentration, motile density number, mass transport, velocity, and heat transport profile is discussed graphically. The impact of the velocity profile demonstrates that as the porosity number is escalated, the velocity declines continually. For growing thermophoretic parameter, there is a rise in thermal as well as the temperature layer. The solutal of the nanoparticle in the boundary layer is enhanced as the value of the chemical reaction parameter increases. The thermal transport is more sensitive to Brownian motion and thermophoretic number than the Lewis number. Also, the motile density number is more sensitive to the Lewis number and Brownian motion.