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<p>Maintaining thermal safety while maximizing efficiency is a critical challenge in the long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, especially when accounting for performance degradation. To address this, we developed and validated a system-level mathematical model that integrates the stack’s thermal-electric dynamics with its degradation mechanisms over time. Our analysis identified the optimal operating parameters for a new stack—an air utilization of 33%, a steam-to-carbon ratio of 1.8, and zero air diversion—which yielded a maximum comprehensive thermoelectric efficiency of 79.1%. More importantly, we established an adaptive strategy for long-term operation. After 6000&#xa0;h, where conventional parameters would cause a 10&#xa0;°C temperature rise, our adaptive strategy impressively limited the stack temperature fluctuation to just 2&#xa0;°C. This work provides a crucial framework for ensuring stable, safe, and highly efficient performance of SOFC systems throughout their operational lifespan.</p>

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Co-optimization of thermal safety and power generation efficiency for long-term operation of a solid oxide fuel cell system

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Yechang Liu,
  • Zhi Ning,
  • Chunhua Sun,
  • Xuan Zheng,
  • Yongqi Wei,
  • Juan Fu,
  • Ming Lv

摘要

Maintaining thermal safety while maximizing efficiency is a critical challenge in the long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, especially when accounting for performance degradation. To address this, we developed and validated a system-level mathematical model that integrates the stack’s thermal-electric dynamics with its degradation mechanisms over time. Our analysis identified the optimal operating parameters for a new stack—an air utilization of 33%, a steam-to-carbon ratio of 1.8, and zero air diversion—which yielded a maximum comprehensive thermoelectric efficiency of 79.1%. More importantly, we established an adaptive strategy for long-term operation. After 6000 h, where conventional parameters would cause a 10 °C temperature rise, our adaptive strategy impressively limited the stack temperature fluctuation to just 2 °C. This work provides a crucial framework for ensuring stable, safe, and highly efficient performance of SOFC systems throughout their operational lifespan.