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<p>Due to the high CO<sub>2</sub> footprint of <i>Ordinary Portland cement</i> (OPC), researchers as well as cement technologists have been looking for alternative binders which is the focus of researchers and cement technologists. Therefore, supplementary cementitious materials need to be applied more commonly. In this work, the suitability of smectite clay waste after oil bleaching was investigated for the production and properties of <i>limestone calcined clay cement</i> (LC<sub>3</sub>). After calcination at 600&#xa0;°C, this product has a medium pozzolanic activity. According to XRD and STA data, the alumina phases present in activated smectite clay waste participate not only in the pozzolanic reactions, but also in the interaction with calcite and portlandite, resulting in the formation of hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate. Microcalorimetric analysis showed that the induction period in all LC<sub>3</sub> samples is delayed and lasted longer than in the OPC sample. However, all LC<sub>3</sub> mixtures tested had a higher cumulative hydration heat compared to OPC up to 60&#xa0;h. The compressive strength of concrete prisms (cement/sand–1:3 by mass) formed from OPC mixture with 10–30 mass% calcined smectite clay waste–limestone (LC<sub>3</sub>) and cured for 28&#xa0;days exceed 50&#xa0;MPa and is higher than that of OPC samples. It is recommended to replace up to 30% of OPC in concrete with this artificial additive, at the same time utilizing it and improving the strength properties of the products.</p>

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Application of smectitic clay waste for limestone calcined clay cement production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • R. Kubiliute,
  • R. Siauciunas

摘要

Due to the high CO2 footprint of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), researchers as well as cement technologists have been looking for alternative binders which is the focus of researchers and cement technologists. Therefore, supplementary cementitious materials need to be applied more commonly. In this work, the suitability of smectite clay waste after oil bleaching was investigated for the production and properties of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3). After calcination at 600 °C, this product has a medium pozzolanic activity. According to XRD and STA data, the alumina phases present in activated smectite clay waste participate not only in the pozzolanic reactions, but also in the interaction with calcite and portlandite, resulting in the formation of hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate. Microcalorimetric analysis showed that the induction period in all LC3 samples is delayed and lasted longer than in the OPC sample. However, all LC3 mixtures tested had a higher cumulative hydration heat compared to OPC up to 60 h. The compressive strength of concrete prisms (cement/sand–1:3 by mass) formed from OPC mixture with 10–30 mass% calcined smectite clay waste–limestone (LC3) and cured for 28 days exceed 50 MPa and is higher than that of OPC samples. It is recommended to replace up to 30% of OPC in concrete with this artificial additive, at the same time utilizing it and improving the strength properties of the products.