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<p>The increasing demand for fuel-efficient engine oil and the durability of internal combustion engines have led to innovative and extensive research on advanced tribological technologies, such as advanced lubrication. Nanomaterials have emerged as advanced materials that have promising potential as additives in base engine oils due to their excellent tribological properties. This review explores the main role of nanomaterials in reducing friction and wear, thereby improving the engine efficiency and working life of components. Several nanomaterials used as engine oil additives, like metals (Cu, Ag, Au, WS<sub>2</sub>, Pd, Sn, etc.), metal oxides (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> TiO<sub>2</sub>, CuO, ZnO, MoS<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> etc.), carbon-based nanostructures, and other biodegradable nanomaterials, showed superior lubrication, load-carrying capacity, and self-repairing characteristics. By forming a protective lubricating film and reducing direct metal-to-metal contacts, thereby reducing the frictional energy losses, lower fuel consumption, and the longevity of engine components. Nanomaterials’ ability to effectively function at extreme operating conditions makes them ideal for modern engine applications. Nanomaterials dispersed in base lubricating oils with the help of various instruments like magnetic stirrer, ultrasonicator, high-pressure homogenizer, and ultrasonicator bath agitator, etc., then investigated the dispersion stability through various techniques like, zeta-potential, DLS, FTIR, etc. A uniform and stable dispersion ensures the long-term engine performance and finally investigates the tribological characteristics of developed nanolubricants.</p>

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Role of nanomaterials as engine oil additives to minimize friction, wear, and fuel consumption and increase the working life of interacting components in IC engines: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Kamla Kant,
  • R. C. Singh,
  • S. Maji

摘要

The increasing demand for fuel-efficient engine oil and the durability of internal combustion engines have led to innovative and extensive research on advanced tribological technologies, such as advanced lubrication. Nanomaterials have emerged as advanced materials that have promising potential as additives in base engine oils due to their excellent tribological properties. This review explores the main role of nanomaterials in reducing friction and wear, thereby improving the engine efficiency and working life of components. Several nanomaterials used as engine oil additives, like metals (Cu, Ag, Au, WS2, Pd, Sn, etc.), metal oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, CuO, ZnO, MoS2, Fe2O3, etc.), carbon-based nanostructures, and other biodegradable nanomaterials, showed superior lubrication, load-carrying capacity, and self-repairing characteristics. By forming a protective lubricating film and reducing direct metal-to-metal contacts, thereby reducing the frictional energy losses, lower fuel consumption, and the longevity of engine components. Nanomaterials’ ability to effectively function at extreme operating conditions makes them ideal for modern engine applications. Nanomaterials dispersed in base lubricating oils with the help of various instruments like magnetic stirrer, ultrasonicator, high-pressure homogenizer, and ultrasonicator bath agitator, etc., then investigated the dispersion stability through various techniques like, zeta-potential, DLS, FTIR, etc. A uniform and stable dispersion ensures the long-term engine performance and finally investigates the tribological characteristics of developed nanolubricants.