<p>This work explores the steady oblique stagnation-point flow of a micropolar hybrid nanofluid over a lubricated surface in two dimensions. By suspending copper <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="26" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Cu\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Cu</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and alumina <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left({Al}_{2}{O}_{3}\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Al</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>O</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> nanoparticles in water as a base fluid <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left({H}_{2}O\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>O</mi> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a hybrid nanofluid with improved thermal conductivity is created, which addresses the low conductivity of pure water. In-depth analysis of the relationship between hybrid nanoparticle concentration and micropolar fluid behavior shows how useful these fluids are for applications involving heat transfer enhancement. The flow model and related boundary conditions are used to derive the governing nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then numerically solved using well-known Mathematica’s NDSolve technique. Comprehensively investigated, proving the usefulness of such fluids in applications enhancing heat transfer.&#xa0;The impacts of micropolar parameters <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>K</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the micro-gyration parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>n</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the Biot number <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Bi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Bi</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are specifically investigated in the analysis, which additionally comprises streamlines. Furthermore, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are estimated. The findings demonstrate that the rate of heat transfer is considerably accelerated by the presence of a lubricating layer. This investigation led us to conclude that increasing the Biot number <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14617_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Bi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Bi</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> improved the temperature profile. Applications for the knowledge gathered from this study include the thermal management systems in microelectronic cooling, biomedical devices that use non-Newtonian fluids, and industrial processes like polymer extrusion and lubrication systems.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Computational investigation of oblique stagnation point flow of micropolar hybrid nanofluid over a rigid surface with lubricated layers

  • Sohail Nadeem,
  • Nadeem Salamat,
  • Mirza Naveed Jahangeer Baig,
  • Jehad Alzabut

摘要

This work explores the steady oblique stagnation-point flow of a micropolar hybrid nanofluid over a lubricated surface in two dimensions. By suspending copper \(Cu\) Cu and alumina \(\left({Al}_{2}{O}_{3}\right)\) Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in water as a base fluid \(\left({H}_{2}O\right)\) H 2 O , a hybrid nanofluid with improved thermal conductivity is created, which addresses the low conductivity of pure water. In-depth analysis of the relationship between hybrid nanoparticle concentration and micropolar fluid behavior shows how useful these fluids are for applications involving heat transfer enhancement. The flow model and related boundary conditions are used to derive the governing nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are then numerically solved using well-known Mathematica’s NDSolve technique. Comprehensively investigated, proving the usefulness of such fluids in applications enhancing heat transfer. The impacts of micropolar parameters \(K\) K , the micro-gyration parameter \(n\) n , and the Biot number \(Bi\) Bi are specifically investigated in the analysis, which additionally comprises streamlines. Furthermore, the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are estimated. The findings demonstrate that the rate of heat transfer is considerably accelerated by the presence of a lubricating layer. This investigation led us to conclude that increasing the Biot number \(Bi\) Bi improved the temperature profile. Applications for the knowledge gathered from this study include the thermal management systems in microelectronic cooling, biomedical devices that use non-Newtonian fluids, and industrial processes like polymer extrusion and lubrication systems.