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<p>To enhance the safety performance and thermal stability of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazepane (CL-20), a core–shell composite was synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified CL-20. PEI modification introduced –NH<sub>2</sub> groups onto CL-20 surface, providing active sites for aniline polymerization and inhibiting its self-polymerization, thus forming dense polyaniline (PANI) shells with uniform thickness (about 2.8 mass%) while maintaining the high-energy crystal structure of CL-20. Compared to pure CL-20, CL-20-P@PANI showed a 15.8&#xa0;°C increase in phase transition temperature (185.5&#xa0;°C) and a 4&#xa0;°C rise in thermal decomposition temperature (247.21&#xa0;°C), attributed to the thermal barrier effect of PANI shells. The results of the mechanical sensitivity test indicate that the dense polyaniline shell layer effectively dissipates external forces, leading to a 51.43% reduction in impact sensitivity and a 20% decrease in friction sensitivity. This study provides a novel modification approach for high-energy materials by combining PEI-mediated interface engineering with in situ polymerization, ensuring both safety and energy characteristics.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

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Improve safety performance and thermal stability: preparation and characterization of core–shell structure CL-20-P@PANI

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • SongYuChen Ma,
  • YinHui Li,
  • Yang Di,
  • Tao Liu,
  • DeQi Wang,
  • WenJing Shi,
  • ZhiGang Ling,
  • FengSheng Li,
  • Jie Liu

摘要

To enhance the safety performance and thermal stability of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazepane (CL-20), a core–shell composite was synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified CL-20. PEI modification introduced –NH2 groups onto CL-20 surface, providing active sites for aniline polymerization and inhibiting its self-polymerization, thus forming dense polyaniline (PANI) shells with uniform thickness (about 2.8 mass%) while maintaining the high-energy crystal structure of CL-20. Compared to pure CL-20, CL-20-P@PANI showed a 15.8 °C increase in phase transition temperature (185.5 °C) and a 4 °C rise in thermal decomposition temperature (247.21 °C), attributed to the thermal barrier effect of PANI shells. The results of the mechanical sensitivity test indicate that the dense polyaniline shell layer effectively dissipates external forces, leading to a 51.43% reduction in impact sensitivity and a 20% decrease in friction sensitivity. This study provides a novel modification approach for high-energy materials by combining PEI-mediated interface engineering with in situ polymerization, ensuring both safety and energy characteristics.

Graphic abstract