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<p>The influence of magnetic fields on the hydrodynamic and thermal transfer properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-water nanofluid within a horizontal conduit exhibiting a consistent heat flux and laminar flow regime was examined through numerical analysis. Furthermore, several physical characteristics of the nanofluid were examined across diverse volume fractions and magnetic flux densities <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14570_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="132" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left(0G\le B\le 505G\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn>0</mn> <mi>G</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>505</mn> <mi>G</mi> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> at 40&#xa0;°C. According to the conclusions of the study, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the studied nanofluids were significantly affected by the magnetic force. The presented theoretical model is appropriate for predicting the characteristics of flow and thermal transfer when exposed to a magnetic field. Within this theoretical model, magnetic field direction can be configured as parallel, perpendicular, or at any conceivable angle within the range of 0–90&#xa0;°C.</p><p>Applied magnetic field adds to the energy equation which is known as the Joule effect and another element to the momentum equation known as the electromagnetic force. Application of the magnetic field and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticle affect the flow of the nanofluid into the piping system and requires an increased energy input. Magnetic field strength and nanofluid concentration greatly enhanced heat transfer, resulting in a higher heat transfer coefficient and a lower pipe wall temperature.</p>

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Modeling the effect of magnetic fields on thermal and hydrodynamic properties of aqueous Fe3O4 nanofluid in laminar pipe flow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Meysam Taghipour,
  • Abdolrasoul Pouranfard,
  • Mohsen Rakhshmah

摘要

The influence of magnetic fields on the hydrodynamic and thermal transfer properties of Fe3O4-water nanofluid within a horizontal conduit exhibiting a consistent heat flux and laminar flow regime was examined through numerical analysis. Furthermore, several physical characteristics of the nanofluid were examined across diverse volume fractions and magnetic flux densities \(\left(0G\le B\le 505G\right)\) 0 G ≤ B ≤ 505 G at 40 °C. According to the conclusions of the study, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of the studied nanofluids were significantly affected by the magnetic force. The presented theoretical model is appropriate for predicting the characteristics of flow and thermal transfer when exposed to a magnetic field. Within this theoretical model, magnetic field direction can be configured as parallel, perpendicular, or at any conceivable angle within the range of 0–90 °C.

Applied magnetic field adds to the energy equation which is known as the Joule effect and another element to the momentum equation known as the electromagnetic force. Application of the magnetic field and Fe3O4 nanoparticle affect the flow of the nanofluid into the piping system and requires an increased energy input. Magnetic field strength and nanofluid concentration greatly enhanced heat transfer, resulting in a higher heat transfer coefficient and a lower pipe wall temperature.