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<p>The study has significance in optimizing the industrial and engineering processes involving nanofluids, like cooling systems, polymer extrusion, and thermal management in microscale devices. This work discusses the nanofluid flow on a dual-directional extending sheet using impacts of gyrotactic microorganisms. For the first time, the study considers the variable porosity of surface, aiming to reveal how the spacing between nanoparticles and their radii affect thermal performance and fluid motion. The magnetic effects are considered in inclined direction along with the effects of chemical reactions, thermal, and space-dependent heat sources. The well-known Cattaneo–Christov model is utilized in this study to analyze heat and mass transfer. The main equations have evaluated through bvp4c approach in dimensionless form. As outcome of this work, it has observed that both primary and secondary velocity distributions have improved with surge in radius of nanoparticles and variable porous space factor, while reduced with escalation in inter-particles spaces and magnetic factor. Thermal profiles have intensified with growth in space-dependent source factor and magnetic factor, while reduced with escalation in thermal relaxation time factor. Concentration panels have amplified with progression in thermophoresis and activation energy factors while retarded with upsurge in chemical reactivity, Brownian motion factors, and Schmidt number. To validate the current model, its outcomes have been compared with an existing dataset found in literature, and a fine agreement has been ensured through the comparative analysis.</p>

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Cattaneo–christov model subject to dynamics of nanoparticle’s radius and inter-particles spaces on nanofluid flow on a bidirectional stretching surface: a numerical approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Mounirah Areshi,
  • Fahad Maqbul Alamrani,
  • Rabab Alzahrani,
  • Laila A. AL-Essa,
  • Humaira Yasmin

摘要

The study has significance in optimizing the industrial and engineering processes involving nanofluids, like cooling systems, polymer extrusion, and thermal management in microscale devices. This work discusses the nanofluid flow on a dual-directional extending sheet using impacts of gyrotactic microorganisms. For the first time, the study considers the variable porosity of surface, aiming to reveal how the spacing between nanoparticles and their radii affect thermal performance and fluid motion. The magnetic effects are considered in inclined direction along with the effects of chemical reactions, thermal, and space-dependent heat sources. The well-known Cattaneo–Christov model is utilized in this study to analyze heat and mass transfer. The main equations have evaluated through bvp4c approach in dimensionless form. As outcome of this work, it has observed that both primary and secondary velocity distributions have improved with surge in radius of nanoparticles and variable porous space factor, while reduced with escalation in inter-particles spaces and magnetic factor. Thermal profiles have intensified with growth in space-dependent source factor and magnetic factor, while reduced with escalation in thermal relaxation time factor. Concentration panels have amplified with progression in thermophoresis and activation energy factors while retarded with upsurge in chemical reactivity, Brownian motion factors, and Schmidt number. To validate the current model, its outcomes have been compared with an existing dataset found in literature, and a fine agreement has been ensured through the comparative analysis.