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<p>This study comprehensively examines the thermomechanical performance of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers blended with either steel slag (SS) or glass powder (GP). A total of 18 different mix compositions were formulated using three molarities of alkali activators (10&#xa0;M, 12&#xa0;M, and 14&#xa0;M NaOH), and their performance under both static and cyclic thermal loading was evaluated. The fresh properties revealed that the setting time ranged between 422 and 431&#xa0;min, and flow values varied from 76 to 121%, depending on the blend and molarity. In terms of mechanical performance, the highest compressive strength of 30.98&#xa0;MPa was observed for the mix containing 50% FA and 50% SS with 14&#xa0;M NaOH. Thermal performance assessments showed that the residual compressive strength at 800&#xa0;°C ranged from 11.31&#xa0;MPa (10&#xa0;M FA-SS) to 15.13&#xa0;MPa (14&#xa0;M FA-SS), while the average percentage strength loss for FA-SS and FA-GP mixtures was 55.62% and 52.58%, respectively. Under cyclic thermal loading (up to 10 cycles at 800&#xa0;°C), strength reductions reached up to 81.86%, indicating degradation in structural integrity with repeated exposure. Additionally, mass loss due to high-temperature exposure was measured as 4.32% for FA-SS and 3.88% for FA-GP mixtures. Microstructural investigations using SEM–EDS and phase analyses through XRD and TG–DTA confirmed the formation of N–(C)–A–S–H and N–A–S–H gel structures and supported the thermal degradation patterns. These findings highlight the influence of precursor type and activator molarity on the thermal resistance and mechanical durability of geopolymer composites.</p>

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Influence of static and cyclic thermal loadings on the performance of fly ash–steel slag and fly ash–glass powder-based geopolymer composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Supriya Janga,
  • Ashwin Narendra Raut,
  • Shaswat Kumar Das

摘要

This study comprehensively examines the thermomechanical performance of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymers blended with either steel slag (SS) or glass powder (GP). A total of 18 different mix compositions were formulated using three molarities of alkali activators (10 M, 12 M, and 14 M NaOH), and their performance under both static and cyclic thermal loading was evaluated. The fresh properties revealed that the setting time ranged between 422 and 431 min, and flow values varied from 76 to 121%, depending on the blend and molarity. In terms of mechanical performance, the highest compressive strength of 30.98 MPa was observed for the mix containing 50% FA and 50% SS with 14 M NaOH. Thermal performance assessments showed that the residual compressive strength at 800 °C ranged from 11.31 MPa (10 M FA-SS) to 15.13 MPa (14 M FA-SS), while the average percentage strength loss for FA-SS and FA-GP mixtures was 55.62% and 52.58%, respectively. Under cyclic thermal loading (up to 10 cycles at 800 °C), strength reductions reached up to 81.86%, indicating degradation in structural integrity with repeated exposure. Additionally, mass loss due to high-temperature exposure was measured as 4.32% for FA-SS and 3.88% for FA-GP mixtures. Microstructural investigations using SEM–EDS and phase analyses through XRD and TG–DTA confirmed the formation of N–(C)–A–S–H and N–A–S–H gel structures and supported the thermal degradation patterns. These findings highlight the influence of precursor type and activator molarity on the thermal resistance and mechanical durability of geopolymer composites.