<p>The main core of this work is to improve heat transportation by utilizing hybrid nanofluids due to their superior heat transfer efficiency and thermal performance than conventional fluid. The concomitant effects of heat source/sink, concentrated species, nonlinear thermal radiations and magnetic field across a convective horizontal thin needle were studied. By implementing a set of similar variables, the PDEs system is turned into ODEs and then associated equations are rectified by MATLAB bvp4c solver program. The outcome of flow sundry parameters on associated distributions is interpreted through sketches. The investigation shows that dual solution occurs in a particular range when <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14418_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\chi_{\text{c}} < \chi \le - 3.8$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mtext>c</mtext> </msub> <mo><</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3.8</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and unique solution at <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10973_2025_14418_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="70" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\chi > - 3.8$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>></mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3.8</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The current finding also shows that drag friction and heat transport rate is improved by enlarging the size of needle. The increments in the Schmidt number improved the concentration curve for stable solutions. Further, heat transportation rate boosts up due to variations in radiation factor, while radiation has no impact on the separation of the boundary layer. Additionally, heat transportation rate is droped for the increasing strength of magnetic parameter.</p>

Thermal energy transport features of hybrid nanomaterials past a moving thin needle

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发表日期：

2025年6月12日

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Masood Khan,
Muhammad Shiraz Abbas,
Mudassar Qamar,
A. S. Alqahtani,
M. Y. Malik

摘要

The main core of this work is to improve heat transportation by utilizing hybrid nanofluids due to their superior heat transfer efficiency and thermal performance than conventional fluid. The concomitant effects of heat source/sink, concentrated species, nonlinear thermal radiations and magnetic field across a convective horizontal thin needle were studied. By implementing a set of similar variables, the PDEs system is turned into ODEs and then associated equations are rectified by MATLAB bvp4c solver program. The outcome of flow sundry parameters on associated distributions is interpreted through sketches. The investigation shows that dual solution occurs in a particular range when $\chi_{\text{c}} < \chi \le - 3.8$ $χ_{c} < χ \leq - 3.8$ and unique solution at $\chi > - 3.8$ $χ > - 3.8$ . The current finding also shows that drag friction and heat transport rate is improved by enlarging the size of needle. The increments in the Schmidt number improved the concentration curve for stable solutions. Further, heat transportation rate boosts up due to variations in radiation factor, while radiation has no impact on the separation of the boundary layer. Additionally, heat transportation rate is droped for the increasing strength of magnetic parameter.