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<p>The present study focuses on optimizing the hydrothermal efficiency and temperature uniformity of microchannel heat sinks (MCHS). Five MCHS designs are developed, including a base case and cases labeled 1 to 4, to assess the impact of geometric parameters on their performance. Each model’s hydrothermal examination is quantitatively determined using the performance evaluation criterion (PEC). The application of water-ternary hybrid nanofluid containing GO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–ZnO nanoparticles is also assessed in this work. It is revealed that pin–fin designs significantly enhance thermal performance along the MCHS, resulting in higher convective heat transfer coefficients and improved cooling efficiency. Case 2 demonstrates the most substantial improvement in cooling performance, achieving an impressive 110.69% increase at a Reynolds number (Re) of 600. Notably, Case 2 exhibits the highest PEC, with a gain of 44.15% at Re = 800. It is also observed that Case 2 has the lowest entropy generation, whereas Case 3 exhibits the highest for all amounts of Re. This trend is consistent with the PEC. Additionally, increased nanoparticle concentrations contribute to a greater pressure drop (Δ<i>p</i>), leading to a decrease in PEC and entropy generation. The proposed MCHSs offer practical cooling for high heat flux devices, but face challenges like complex flow dynamics and fabrication scalability issues.</p>

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Improving solar cell cooling using fin-based heat sinks and ternary hybrid nanofluids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Zhendong Chen,
  • Kai Liu,
  • Zhe Su

摘要

The present study focuses on optimizing the hydrothermal efficiency and temperature uniformity of microchannel heat sinks (MCHS). Five MCHS designs are developed, including a base case and cases labeled 1 to 4, to assess the impact of geometric parameters on their performance. Each model’s hydrothermal examination is quantitatively determined using the performance evaluation criterion (PEC). The application of water-ternary hybrid nanofluid containing GO–Al2O3–ZnO nanoparticles is also assessed in this work. It is revealed that pin–fin designs significantly enhance thermal performance along the MCHS, resulting in higher convective heat transfer coefficients and improved cooling efficiency. Case 2 demonstrates the most substantial improvement in cooling performance, achieving an impressive 110.69% increase at a Reynolds number (Re) of 600. Notably, Case 2 exhibits the highest PEC, with a gain of 44.15% at Re = 800. It is also observed that Case 2 has the lowest entropy generation, whereas Case 3 exhibits the highest for all amounts of Re. This trend is consistent with the PEC. Additionally, increased nanoparticle concentrations contribute to a greater pressure drop (Δp), leading to a decrease in PEC and entropy generation. The proposed MCHSs offer practical cooling for high heat flux devices, but face challenges like complex flow dynamics and fabrication scalability issues.