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<p>Three retrofit strategies, namely floor heating, building envelope insulation, and a combination of both, are suggested to enhance the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of an existing residential apartment in climate zone 3B (ASHRAE 169). To assess how well each approach works, the effectiveness of the strategies is tested through simulating the building and confirming the accuracy using real data of the building operation, including energy bills, occupancy, overhead lighting, electrical equipment, and scheduling. Next, the proposed strategies are incorporated into the building model to evaluate both the energy consumption and thermal comfort indicators concerning the base building model outcomes. The findings indicate that implementing floor heating and insulating the building envelope reduced natural gas consumption by 51 and 23%. By combining the two strategies, the building's annual natural gas consumption can be reduced by 55%, resulting in the greatest energy efficiency. Yet, the building insulation does not greatly impact thermal comfort indicators. In contrast, utilization of floor heating increases the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD), based on the definition by ISO 7730, by 41 and 29%, respectively.</p>

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Evaluation of retrofit strategies to improve energy efficiency and winter thermal comfort of an existing residential apartment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月24日

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  • Saeed Rahgozar,
  • Mohammad Ahmadpour,
  • Maziar Dehghan,
  • Hamidreza Haghgou,
  • Abolfazl Pourrajabian

摘要

Three retrofit strategies, namely floor heating, building envelope insulation, and a combination of both, are suggested to enhance the energy efficiency and thermal comfort of an existing residential apartment in climate zone 3B (ASHRAE 169). To assess how well each approach works, the effectiveness of the strategies is tested through simulating the building and confirming the accuracy using real data of the building operation, including energy bills, occupancy, overhead lighting, electrical equipment, and scheduling. Next, the proposed strategies are incorporated into the building model to evaluate both the energy consumption and thermal comfort indicators concerning the base building model outcomes. The findings indicate that implementing floor heating and insulating the building envelope reduced natural gas consumption by 51 and 23%. By combining the two strategies, the building's annual natural gas consumption can be reduced by 55%, resulting in the greatest energy efficiency. Yet, the building insulation does not greatly impact thermal comfort indicators. In contrast, utilization of floor heating increases the predicted mean vote (PMV) and the predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD), based on the definition by ISO 7730, by 41 and 29%, respectively.